寄生植物ストライガのゲノム研究

寄生植物独脚金的基因组研究

• 批准号: 12F02512
• 负责人: 白須 賢
• 金额: $ 1.47万
• 依托单位: The Institute of Physical and Chemical Research
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2012 至 2014
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-12F02512/
• 关键词: Striga; Rice; Striga-resistance; Defence signalling; JA-SA interaction; Striga hermonthica; defence response; SA and JA pathways; 植物; 生理学; 病理学; 遺伝子

In Africa, the most economically important constraints to crop production include Striga species i. e., S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, among others, which affect the production of sorghum, millet, maize, sugarcane and cowpea resulting in losses of up to USD 1 billion annually affecting over 100 million farmers. The fundamental strategies to control Striga are to prevent their reproduction, to destroy their soil seed bank and to limit their spread to new uninfested areas. Towards this end, cultivars and wild relatives of several crop species including sorghum, which show resistance to Striga have been identified. In rice, it was found that Nipponbare, a japonica cultivar is resistant against Striga. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying resistance are not well understood. In our study, we conducted an in-depth characterization of the roles of SA and JA in rice defence against Striga hermonthica. We found out that jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA) defence pathways were i … More nduced in rice roots after infection. Using JA and SA pathway mutants, we found that inhibiting JA biosynthesis resulted in severe Striga susceptibility only recovered by treating plants with JA. On the other hand, SA-deficient rice were resistant against Striga. The resistance phenotype was characterized by a strong induction of the JA defence pathway. In the Striga-infected rice roots, we found that a gene called OsWRKY45 was highly expressed. When we knocked down this gene, the plants were highly susceptible to Striga infection and the susceptibility was recovered by addition of JA. These results highlighted the significance of OsWRKY45 in regulating both the JA and SA defence pathways in resistance against Striga parasitism. These data offer to our knowledge, the first insight into the resistance mechanisms that enable monocots to resist Striga parasitism and have revealed several previously unknown characteristics of defence pathway crosstalk. Knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the complex JA and SA interactions are necessary to understand the evolution of resistance and the development of successful solutions to parasitic weed problems in agriculture. Less

在非洲，对农作物生产的最重要的限制包括Striga物种，即S. Hermonthica和S. Asiatica等，这些物种会影响高粱，小米，玉米，玉米，甘蔗和牛港的产量，每年损失多达10亿美元，影响超过1亿农民。控制史蒂加的基本策略是防止其繁殖，破坏其土壤种子库并将其扩散到新的未感染地区。为此，已经确定了包括高粱在内的几种农作物物种的品种和野生亲戚，这些物种表现出了对纹状体的抗性。在米饭中，发现Japonica品种Nipponbare具有抗性。但是，抗抗性的分子机制尚不清楚。在我们的研究中，我们对SA和JA在针对Striga Hermonthica的水稻防御中的作用进行了深入的表征。我们发现茉莉酸（JA）和水杨酸（SA）防御途径是我……感染后水稻根部更加含糊。使用JA和SA途径突变体，我们发现抑制JA生物合成会导致严重的Striga易感性仅通过用JA处理植物来恢复。另一方面，缺陷大米对striga有抵抗力。电阻表型的特征是强烈诱导JA防御途径。在感染的水稻根中，我们发现一个称为OSWRKY45的基因得到了高度表达。当我们击倒该基因时，这些植物非常容易受到Striga感染的影响，并通过添加JA回收了敏感性。这些结果强调了OSWRKY45在确定JA和SA防御途径中对抗Striga寄生虫的抗性的重要性。这些数据符合我们的知识，这是对抗性机制的首次见解，使单子叶植物能够抵抗striga寄生虫，并揭示了国防途径串扰的几个以前未知的特征。需要了解复杂JA和SA相互作用中涉及的机制，对于了解抗性的演变以及成功解决寄生杂草问题的发展方案的发展是必要的。较少的

项目成果

Striga; physiology, effects and genomics

独脚金;

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: J. Musembi Mutuku;Thomas Spallek;Ken Shirasu
• 通讯作者: Ken Shirasu

Resistance against Striga parasitism involves JA and WRKY45-regulated SA/BTH defence pathwavs.

对独脚金寄生的抵抗涉及 JA 和 WRKY45 调节的 SA/BTH 防御路径。

• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Thomas Spallek;Mutuku Musembi;Ken Shirasu;J. Musembi Mutuku
• 通讯作者: J. Musembi Mutuku