日本人腸内マイクロバイオームの特徴解明

日本肠道微生物组的特征

• 批准号: 14J07812
• 负责人: 西嶋 傑
• 金额: $ 1.28万
• 依托单位: The University of Tokyo
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for JSPS Fellows
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 2014-04-25 至 2016-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-14J07812/
• 关键词: 腸内細菌叢; マイクロバイオーム; メタゲノム; バイオインフォマティクス; メタゲノム解析; 次世代シークエンサー

私はこの1年間の研究において前年度までの研究を発展させ、日本人腸内細菌叢のメタゲノム解析を大規模に行い(106人、約350Gbp)、それらと外国人のデータ(11カ国、757人)の比較を行うことで日本人腸内細菌叢の特徴を明らかにした。この研究成果は学術論文としてまとめられ、DNA Research誌へ掲載された。具体的な成果は以下の通りである。まず、私は各被験者のメタゲノムデータをリファレンスとなる細菌ゲノムへマッピングすることで、各サンプルの菌種組成を計算した。それらの菌種組成を国間で比較した結果、同じ国の被験者同士の方が異なる国の被験者同士よりも、菌種組成が統計的有意に類似していることが判明した。この結果はヒト腸内細菌叢の菌種組成が国により異なることを示す。特に日本人の腸内細菌叢にはBifidobacteriumとBlautiaが優占する一方、古細菌のMethanobrevibacter smithiiが少ないことが明らかとなった。また、メタゲノムデータのアセンブル、遺伝子予測を行った結果、日本人の腸内細菌叢から約490万の非重複遺伝子配列が得られた。この遺伝子配列と先行研究において外国人被験者から得られた遺伝子セットとの比較を行った結果、約230万の遺伝子配列は日本人のデータのみに存在することが明らかとなった(<95% 相同性)。次いで、それらの遺伝子セットにメタゲノムデータをマッピングし各遺伝子の定量を行い、国間での比較を行った結果、特に日本人の腸内細菌叢には炭水化物やアミノ酸の代謝系機能が豊富である一方、細胞走化性や複製・修復機能が少ないことが明らかとなった。これらの結果は日本人の腸内細菌叢の特徴を初めて明らかにしたものであり、今後腸内細菌叢が関与する病気の治療や予防、健康促進のための重要な基盤データとなることが期待されると考えられる。

In the previous year, the study was conducted in the first year. In the previous year, there was an exhibition of bacteria in Japan, an analysis of large-scale models in Japan (106people, about 350Gbp), foreigners in 11 countries (757people). The results of the research, the academic articles, the research results, the DNA Research research results, the academic literature, and the research results. The specific "results" are listed below. Each of the recipients and the private owners are required to obtain information on the number of bacteria, and the composition of each bacterial strain is calculated. The results of the international comparison of the strains of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the species of bacteria, the results of the international comparison of the The results showed that the strains of bacteria in the laboratory were grouped into a national standard. In particular, the Japanese are in charge of the bacteria, the Bifidobacterium, the Blautia, the ancient bacteria, the Methanobrevibacter smithii, the small ones, the bright ones. The results showed that the number of bacteria in the Japanese population was about 4.9 million per cent of the total number of non-repetitive bacteria. In the first step of the study, the foreigners who have been killed have received the results of the comparison, and about 2.3 million of them have been assigned to the list of "Japanese people" in order to find out the existence of "Japanese people" (& lt;95% equivalent). In the second and second half of the year, the equipment was used to carry out quantitative tests, the results of international comparisons, and the results of the in-house bacteria test, charcoal hydrates, carbon hydrate and acid generation systems in Japan, which could be used to enrich both parties, and the cellular walking and copying machines could be used to reduce the number of cycles in the machine. The results show that the Japanese people are suffering from bacterial disease in the first place, and that in the future, the prevention and treatment of internal bacteria and diseases will provide prevention and health promotion for the prevention and health promotion of important diseases.

项目成果

Large-scale comparative metagenomics of the human gut microbiomes across the countries

各国人类肠道微生物组的大规模比较宏基因组学

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Suguru Nishijima;Wataru Suda;Seok-Won Kim;Kenshiro Oshima;Hidetoshi Morita and Masahira Hattori
• 通讯作者: Hidetoshi Morita and Masahira Hattori

Country-specificity of the human gut microbiomes across countries

各国人类肠道微生物组的国家特异性

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: Suguru Nishijima;Wataru Suda;Seok-Won Kim;Kenshiro Oshima;Hidetoshi Morita and Masahira Hattori
• 通讯作者: Hidetoshi Morita and Masahira Hattori

Global impact of antibiotics on population-level diversity in the human gut microbiome

抗生素对人类肠道微生物组群体多样性的全球影响

• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Suguru Nishijima;Wataru Suda;Kenshiro Oshima;Seok-Won Kim;Hidetoshi Morita;Masahira Hattori
• 通讯作者: Masahira Hattori

Population metagenomics of the human gut microbiomes

人类肠道微生物群的群体宏基因组学

• 发表时间: 2014
• 作者: Suguru Nishijima;Seok-Won Kim;Kenshiro Oshima;Wataru Suda;Hidetoshi Morita and Masahira Hattori
• 通讯作者: Hidetoshi Morita and Masahira Hattori

ヒト腸内細菌叢の大規模比較メタゲノム解析

人类肠道微生物群的大规模比较宏基因组分析

• 发表时间: 2015
• 作者: 西嶋傑;須田亙;金錫元;大島健志朗;飯岡恵里香;木内美沙;進藤智絵;山下直子;小宮恵子;黒川李奈;森田英利;服部正平
• 通讯作者: 服部正平