Functional neuroanatomy of masticatory control : Projections from cortical masticatory areas to basal ganglia

我们调查了组织的平行通路连接多个下颌运动相关领域的额叶和运动前神经元池的三叉神经运动核（Vm）的猴子。我们的皮质内微刺激映射揭示了存在以下三个皮层区域的刺激唤起下颌运动：orofacial区的初级运动皮层，orofacial区的补充运动区和主要部分的皮质咀嚼区。这些下颌运动相关领域发送的预测不仅直接到外侧被盖领域的主要网站的Vm前运动神经元的最高密度的区域周围的Vm，但也间接通过基底神经节。在基底神经节中，腹侧的壳核接收来自下颌运动相关区域的皮质纹状体输入，反过来，发送striatopallidal和striatonigral输出到腹侧的苍白球的内部段或背侧的黑质网状部，分别。然后，苍白球和黑质的直接投射终止于外侧被盖区。这种平行通路可能通过前运动神经元对Vm产生不同的调节作用。

We investigated the organization of parallel pathways connecting multiple jaw movement-related areas of the frontal lobe and the premotor neuron pool for the trigeminal motor nucleus (Vm) in the monkey. Our intracortical microstimulation mapping has revealed the existence of the following three cortical areas of which stimulation evokes jaw movements : the orofacial region of the primary motor cortex, the orofacial region of the supplementary motor area and the principal part of the cortical masticatory area. These jaw movement-related areas send projections not only directly to the lateral tegmental field-the major site of Vm premotor neurons-with the highest density in the regions surrounding the Vm, but also indirectly via the basal ganglia. In the basal ganglia, the ventral aspect of the putamen receives corticostriatal inputs from the jaw movement-related areas and, in turn, sends striatopallidal and striatonigral outputs to the ventral aspect of the internal segment of the globus pallidus or to the dorsal aspect of the substantia nigra pars reticulata, respectively. Then, direct projections from the globus pallidus and the substantia nigra terminate in the lateral tegmental field. Such parallel pathways may exert differential modulatory effects on the Vm via the premotor neurons.