Interal Distribution of Acid Material within Snow Crystals

雪晶内酸性物质的内部分布

• 批准号: 09680510
• 负责人: FUSHIMI Hirogi
• 金额: $ 1.92万
• 依托单位: University of Shiga Prefecture
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (C)
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1997 至 1999
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09680510/
• 关键词: acidification; acid shock; CT scanner; snow crystal; warm metamorphism; 融解・再凍結; 融雪; 酸性化予測

We found that the river water turns out to be acid not only in the first stage but also in the later stage of snowmelt season in Japan, which differs from the so called acid shock reported to occur in the first stage of the sonwmelt in the northern Europe.The acid shocks depend on the regional characteristics of the melt-refreeze processes forming the internal distribution of acid materials within snow crystals. In a warm climatic region like the southern Japan, there are possibilities to have the complicated distribution structure of acid materials within granular snows due to the repeated melt-refreeze processes for a long period under the warm metamorphism. Consequently, the pH value of melt water does not always increase as the snowmelt proceeds.Then, we clarified the microscopic distribution structure of acid materials within snow crystals by using the X-ray computed tomography (CT scanner) that the domains with the acid materials do also exist in the inner parts of snow crystals. So, the acidification of the river water occurs even in the later stage of the snowmelt, when the acid materials concentrates in the inner part of snow crystals.

我们发现，日本的河水不仅在融雪期的第一阶段，而且在后期都是酸性的，这与北方欧洲融雪期第一阶段所报道的所谓酸冲击不同，酸冲击取决于融化-再冻结过程的区域特征，从而形成雪晶内部酸性物质的分布。在日本南部这样的温暖气候地区，由于在温暖变质作用下长期反复的熔融-再冻结过程，有可能在颗粒雪中具有复杂的酸性物质分布结构。因此，融雪水的pH值并不总是随着融雪的进行而增加。然后，我们通过X射线计算机断层扫描（CT扫描仪）阐明了酸性物质在雪晶内部的微观分布结构，即在雪晶内部也存在含有酸性物质的区域。因此，即使在融雪的后期，当酸性物质集中在雪晶内部时，河水的酸化也会发生。

项目成果

Fushimi H.: "Role of snow to lake Biwa, its shine and shadow"Proceedings of Japanese Society of Snow and Ice. 52. (1998)

伏见 H.：“雪对琵琶湖的作用，它的光芒和阴影”日本冰雪学会会刊。

Fushimi,H.,Kawamura T.and Iida H.: "Microscopic structures of acid materials in snow crystals under warm metamorphism"Proceedings of International Congress of Acid Snow and Rain.. 56-61 (1997)

Fushimi，H.，Kawamura T.和Iida H.：“温变质作用下雪晶中酸性物质的微观结构”国际酸雪雨大会记录.. 56-61 (1997)

Fushimi H., Kawamura T. & Iida H.: "Microscopic structures of acid materials in snow crystals under warm metamorphlsm"Procedings of International Congress of Acid snow and Rain. 56-61 (1999)

伏见 H.、河村 T.

伏見碩ニ・河村俊行・飯田肇・古川晶雄: "融雪水の酸性化と雪結晶内の物質分布特性の評価"日本雪氷学会全国大会講演予稿集. 37 (1995)

J. Fushimi、Toshiyuki Kawamura、Hajime Iida 和 Akio Furukawa：“融雪水的酸化和雪晶内物质分布特征的评估”日本冰雪学会全国会议记录 37 (1995)。

Fushimi H., Kawamura T., Iida H. and Furukawa T.: "Acidification of meet water and distribution of acid materials in snow crystals"Proceedings of Japanese Society of Snow and Ice. 37. (1995)

Fushimi H.、Kawamura T.、Iida H. 和 Furukawa T.：“海水的酸化和雪晶中酸性物质的分布”日本冰雪学会会刊。