Breeding of high rutin content variety in common buckwheat

荞麦是唯一一种含有芦丁的可食用谷物。芦丁作为一种主要的生物学特性，可以缓解人类某些出血性疾病或高血压引起的毛细血管脆性增加。因此，培育高芦丁含量品种是普通荞麦育种的重要目标之一。我们建立了高效液相色谱法测定芦丁含量的微量方法，并从1992年开始对普通荞麦品种“博坦荞麦”中芦丁含量较高的品种进行个体选择。经过7个世代，已经建立了一个含有芦丁的品系，其含量是原始品种的五六倍。从实用角度对这一高芦丁含量品系进行了三年的农艺性状研究。新品系开花天数比原品种晚两三天，株高比原品种缩短几厘米。新品系的种子产量和碾磨品质与原品种无显著差异。1999年，我们在这个新品系上申请了新品种登记。为了获得芦丁含量更高的品种，对普通荞麦的野生近缘种荞麦进行了芦丁含量的调查。苦荞和金荞麦种子中的芦丁含量大约是普通荞麦的100倍。这些材料可作为超高芦丁含量品种的育种材料，利用胚珠挽救技术已获得普通荞麦与其种间杂交种。将自交不亲和性引入具有典型异花柱自交不亲和性、个体选择效率低的普通荞麦中，可提高芦丁含量的选择效率，并建立种间杂种。目前，利用这些亲缘关系和种间杂交选育超高芦丁品种的研究正在进行中。

Buckwheat is the only one edible grain which contains rutin. As main biological property, rutin alleviates the increase in capillary fragility associated with some hemorrhagic diseases or hypertension in man. So breeding of high rutin content variety is one of the most important objectives in common buckwheat. We established the micro quantitative determination method of rutin using HPLC and have been carrying out individual selection for high rutin content in common buckwheat cultivar "Botan-soba" since 1992. After seven generations, a line containing rutin five or six times more than original variety has been established. This high rutin content line has been investigated on agronomical characters for three years from practical view point. Days to flowering was two or three days later and plant height was several centimeter shorter in the new line than in original variety. There were no differences in seed yield and milling quality between the new line and original variety. Then we applied for new cultivar registration on this new line in 1999. To make much higher rutin content variety, rutin contents in wild relatives of common buckwheat, Fagopyrum spp., were investigated. F.tataricum and F.cymosum contain rutin in seed about 100 times more than common buckwheat. These are useful as breeding material for super high rutin content variety and interspecific hybrids between common buckwheat and them have been already obtained by using ovule rescue technique. And introduction of self-compatibility from F.homptropicum into common buckwheat, which has typical heterostylous self-incompatibility that cause low efficiency in individual selection, will raise selection efficiency for rutin content, also interspecific hybids between them has been established. Now, breeding research on super high rutin content variety using these relatives and interspecific hybridization are in progress.