Intervention study to evaluate effect of physical and mental training for frail older people.

体育锻炼有望改善和维持老年人的身体机能。尽管体育锻炼如此重要，但人们对老年人体育锻炼的有益作用的了解有限。本研究的目的是采用随机对照试验的方法来评估老年人运动训练的效果。65名年龄在60岁及以上的符合条件的参与者被随机分配到锻炼组和对照组。锻炼组的受试者被要求参加仙台银色中心的培训课程，这是一家市政卫生和福利机构，每周两次或三次，持续25周。两个小时的训练课包括耐力训练、主要肌肉的阻力训练等。对照组受试者被要求参加中心每月两次的娱乐课程。最大耗氧量（VO_2max）、肌力、自测血压（HBP）、日常生活体力活动和运动表现等指标均有显著改善。与对照组相比，运动组VO_2max增加2.1 ml/kg/min。这一结果相当于参与者的有氧能力年轻了5岁。肘关节屈肌肌力增加2.4 kg（16.6%）。运动组收缩压降低7.7 mmHg，舒张压降低3.4 mmHg。血压降低的幅度相当于脑血管疾病发生风险降低20%。运动组每日体力活动的能量消耗也增加了2.0千卡/公斤（5%）。训练后6个月，运动组的VO_2max保持不变或略有增加。我们将对研究对象进行随访，以检验运动训练的长期效果。我们还将进一步研究制定锻炼计划，以在可行的专业参与水平上加强老年人在家中或社区的习惯性体育活动。少

Physical exercise is expected to improve and maintain physical function in older people. In spite of such importance, there is only limited knowledge on the beneficial effects of physical exercise for older people. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the efficacy of exercise training for older people by a method of randomized controlled trial.Sixty-five eligible participants, aged 60 years and over, were randomly allocated to either exercise group or control group. The subjects in the exercise group were asked to attend training classes at the Sendai Silver Center, a municipal health and welfare, twice or three times a week for 25 weeks. Two-hour training class was consisted of endurance training, resistance training of major muscles, and so forth. The subjects in the control group were asked to attend recreational classes at the Center twice a month.Significant improvement was indicated in such measures as maximum oxygen consumption (VO_2max), muscle strength, self-measure … More d blood pressure at home (HBP), physical activity at daily life, and motor performance. As compared with the control group, VO_2max in the exercise group increased by 2.1 ml/kg/min. This result is equivalent to the participants becoming younger in aerobic capacity by five years. Muscle strength of elbow flexor increased by 2.4 kg (16.6%). HBP in the exercise group decreased by 7.7 mmHg at systolic and by 3.4 mmHg at diastolic. This magnitude of decrease in HBP is comparable as the decrease in the risk of developing cerebrovascular diseases by 20%. Daily energy consumption by physical activity also increased in the exercise group by 2.0 kcal/kg (5%). VO_2max of the subjects at the exercise group was maintained or slightly increased at 6 months after the training session.We would follow up the study subjects in order to examine the long-term effect of exercise training. We also would further the studies to develop exercise programs to enhance habitual physical activities among older people at home or community at a feasible level of professional involvement. Less