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Research on Individual Design Simulator to Develop Home Care Equipment fitted Personal Physical Properties

个性化设计模拟器开发适合个人物理特性的家庭护理设备研究

基本信息

批准号：
09555050
负责人：
TADANO Shigeru
金额：
$ 7.68万
依托单位：
HOKKAIDO UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
日本
项目类别：
Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B)
财政年份：
1997
资助国家：
日本
起止时间：
1997 至 1999
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-09555050/
关键词：
Design Engineering Biomechanics Numerical Simulatian Muscle Force Rehabilitation Engineering Electric Wheelchair Human Interface Home Care Equipment

项目摘要

The aim of this research project is to develop an individual design simulator to home care equipment fitted personal physical properties. The following results were obtained:Considering the human upper limb from the viewpoint of mechanics, every degree of freedom of motion is actuated and controlled by more than two muscles. In this work, a method of numerical analysis of muscle force in a human upper limb was proposed during pronation-supination of the forearm joint and during flexion of the shoulder joint.. Because no muscle force can be calculated from only the equilibrium equations of force or moment, the optimization method using Lagrange multipliers. Muscles were modeled by a straight line from the origin to the insertion. The analytical results were mostly affected by musculoskeletal geometry, in particular, the results for the short muscles of the forearm exhibited such an effect. Therefore, the muscle paths were determined by using a plastic three-dimensional prototype of huma … More n upper limb. Parameters in the object function of the optimization method were selected to express the muscle properties acting only in the direction of the contraction. Therefore, the synergist and the antagonist could be separated analytically. The results obtained from this analysis were confirmed by experiments using electromyography.Not only handicapped people but also elderly people living in Hokkaido, the northernmost island in Japan, desire to participate in outdoor activities during a winter season that is characterized by heavy snow and low temperatures. Most of these people venture outdoors to go shopping or to hospitals, even under severe conditions. A wheelchair is generally used for outdoor transport. There are, however, many problems with using a wheelchair during the winter; roads covered with snow and ice are very slippery, casters are easily buried in snow, and handrims are too cold to handle. Therefore, an appropriate wheelchair for outdoor use during the winter season is greatly desired. We are developing an electric wheelchair effective for outdoor use during the winter. In this work, three types of electric wheelchairs with front-wheel drive, rear-wheel drive and front free casters, and rear-wheel drive and mechanically controlled casters, were tested for drivability on icy roads, snow-covered roads, and indoor floors. In addition, computational methods were proposed to simulate the drivability of electric wheelchairs under snowy conditions. In winter use of an electric wheelchair, it is much important problem that the discharge capacity of battery extremely drops for low temperatures. In this work, batteries for the electric wheelchair were examined on charging and discharging under constant lower temperature. Batteries covered with foamed polyethylene were also tested at the same condition. In addition, we carried out driving tests of electric wheelchair to investigate discharging ability on fresh-snowed road and compact snowed road in winter and normal road in summer. Less

本研究项目的目的是开发一种适合个人物理特性的个人设计模拟器，以适应家庭护理设备。结果表明：从力学角度考虑，人体上肢的每一个运动自由度都是由两个以上的肌肉驱动和控制的。在这项工作中，提出了一种在前臂关节旋前和肩关节屈曲期间人类上肢肌肉力的数值分析方法。由于没有肌肉力可以仅从力或力矩的平衡方程中计算出来，所以优化方法采用拉格朗日乘子。肌肉是用一条从原点到插入点的直线来建模的。分析结果主要受肌肉骨骼几何形状的影响，特别是前臂短肌肉的结果表现出这种影响。因此，肌肉路径是通过使用人体的塑料三维原型来确定的。选择优化方法目标函数中的参数来表示只作用于收缩方向的肌肉特性。因此，增效剂和拮抗剂可以进行分析分离。通过肌电图实验证实了这一分析的结果。不仅是残疾人，居住在日本最北端岛屿北海道的老年人也希望在大雪和低温的冬季参加户外活动。这些人中的大多数冒险到户外购物或去医院，即使在恶劣的条件下。轮椅一般用于户外运输。然而，在冬天使用轮椅有很多问题；冰雪覆盖的道路非常滑，脚轮很容易被埋在雪里，而把手太冷而无法处理。因此，冬季户外使用的合适轮椅是非常需要的。我们正在研制一种适合冬季户外使用的电动轮椅。在这项工作中，对前轮驱动、后轮驱动和前自由脚轮、后轮驱动和机械控制脚轮三种类型的电动轮椅在结冰路面、积雪路面和室内地板上的驾驶性能进行了测试。此外，提出了模拟雪地条件下电动轮椅驾驶性能的计算方法。在电动轮椅冬季使用中，低温下电池的放电容量急剧下降是一个非常重要的问题。本文对电动轮椅用电池在恒温条件下的充放电特性进行了研究。用泡沫聚乙烯覆盖的电池也在同样的条件下进行了测试。此外，还进行了电动轮椅冬季在新雪路面和密实雪路面以及夏季在普通路面上的行驶试验。少