Epidemiological study on influence of micronutrients for occurring oral cancer -comparative study among different ethnic groups-

对于选定的受试者，从与筛选计划相同的调查表中记录的问卷中获得个人习惯特征的流行病学数据，如吸烟、嚼食和饮酒。从受试者中采集静脉血样。获得所有受试者的知情同意书（所有选定的受试者通过在准备好的知情同意书上唱歌或按拇指印同意该程序）。立即离心血样以将血清与细胞组分分离。在分析血清微量营养素之前，将血清样本储存在马来亚大学的-70℃冰箱中。采用高效液相色谱法测定血清中视黄醇、α-生育酚、番茄红素、玉米黄素/叶黄素、隐黄素、α-胡萝卜素和β-胡萝卜素的含量，并根据WHO 1998年推荐的口腔粘膜下纤维化、白斑、红斑的诊断标准，对口腔癌前病变进行诊断。诊断 ...更多信息 c病变的标准也是基于1998年WHO和Axcell描述的标准，该标准符合WHO对牙科和口腔病学的国际疾病分类。印度人口腔粘膜病变的患病率为40.5%（N=255）。口腔癌患病率为0.2%（1），白斑10.9%（95），扁平苔藓0.7%（21），口腔粘膜下纤维化0.3%（13），红斑0.5%（3），咀嚼粘膜20.7%（133）和其他非OPC病变0.4%（13）。以OPC为因变量的Logistic回归多因素分析显示，嚼口香糖和血清α-胡萝卜素水平两个自变量的优势比分别为30.2和0.5，在砂拉越原住民中，口腔粘膜病变的患病率为30.1%（N=203）。有23例（0.7%）受试者患有OPC，88例（14.3%）患有咀嚼粘膜，129例（20.0%）患有其他非OPC病变。OPC病变包括2例（0.3%）口腔癌，20例（0.3%）口腔白斑，1例（0.2%）口腔粘膜下纤维化。有4例（0.4%）受试者患有OPC，30例（10.3%）患有咀嚼粘膜，21例（20.0%）患有其他非OPC病变。口腔白斑2例（0.3%），口腔扁平苔藓2例（0.2%），Logistic回归分析显示，印第安人口腔白斑的发病率是土著人的8倍。当口腔白斑病被用作因变量时，2个自变量的显著性也是明显的，即马来人种族和嚼嚼块。与OPC相似，观察到口腔白斑与嚼食嚼块之间正相关的双变量分析的支持，其中嚼食嚼块习惯的受试者显著更可能患有口腔白斑（系数=0.81），即。例如，约123倍更有可能有口腔白斑（优势比=120.6）。这个多变量分析还显示，马来人是显着不太可能患有口腔白斑相比，土著人民（系数=-0.245），即。例如，马来人患口腔白斑病的几率比原住民少十分之一（优势比=0.106）。这里所用的自变量仅能解释口腔白斑作为因变量的60%左右（伪R2=0.603）。少

For the selected subjects, epidemiological data of individual habit characteristics such as smoking, quid chewing and alcohol drinking were obtained from the same questionnaires recorded in the survey forms as for screening program. Venous blood samples were taken from subjects. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects (All selected subjects consented to this procedure by singing or thumb-printing the prepared consent form). The blood samples were centrifuged immediately to separate the serum from the cellular components. The serum samples were stored in -70℃ in freezer in University of Malaya prior to analysis of the serum micronutrients. The serum concentrations of retinol, α-tocopherol, lycopene, zeaxianthin/lutein , criptoxanthin, α-carotene, and β-carotene were determined using high performance liquid chromatography.The diagnostic criteria for oral precancer (leukoplakia, erythroplakia and oral submucos fibrosis were based on the recommendation by WHO in 1998. The diagnosti … More c criteria for lesions were also based on WHO in 1998 and criteria described by Axcell which were in accordance with the WHO's application of the International Classification of Diseases to Dentistry and Stomatology.The prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in Indians was 40.5% (N=255) . Oral cancer prevalence was 0.2% (1) , leukoplakia 10.9% (95) , lichen planus 0.7% (21) , oral submucous fibrosis 0.3% (13) , erythroplakia 0.5% (3) , chewer's mucosa 20.7% (133) and other non-OPC lesions 0.4% (13) . A multivariate analysis using logistic regression with OPC as the dependent variable showed significance for 2 independent variable namely, quid chewing and serum levels of α-carotene with 30.2 and 0.5 of odds ratio, respectively.In indigenous people in Sarawaku, the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 30.1% (N=203) . There were 23 (0.7%) subjects with OPC, 88 (14.3%) with chewer's mucosa and 129 (20.0%) with other non-OPC lesions. The OPC lesions consisted of 2 (0.3%) cases of oral cancer, 20 (0.3%) cases of oral leukoplakia, 1 (0.2%) case of oral submucous fibrosis.In Malays (N=276) , the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions was 20.3%. There were 4 (0.4%) subjects with OPC, 30 (10.3%) with chewer's mucosa and 21 (20.0%) with other non-OPC lesions. The OPC lesions consist of 2 (0.3%) cases of oral leukoplakia, 2 (0.2%) cases of oral lichen planus.The logistic regression analyses showed that the Indians are 8 times more likely to have OPC as compared to the Indigenous people. When oral leukoplakia was used as the dependent variable, significance for 2 independent variables were also evident namely, the Malays ethnicity and quid chewing. Similar to OPC, support for the bivariate analyses of positive correlation between oral leukoplakia and quid chewing was observed where subjects with quid chewing habit are significantly more likely to suffer from oral leukoplakia (coefficient=0.81), i. e., about 123 times more likely to have oral leukoplakia (odds ratio=120.6). This mulitvariate analysis also showed that Malays are significantly less likely to suffer from oral leukoplakia as compared to Indigenous people (coefficient=-0.245), i. e., the Malays are one-tenth times less to suffer from oral leukoplakia as compared to Indigenous people (odds ratio=0.106). The independent variable used here can only account for about 60% of oral leukoplakia as the dependent variable (Pseudo R2=0.603). Less