Culture Conservation and Development in African Rain Forest

非洲雨林的文化保护与发展

• 批准号: 10044026
• 负责人: TAKEUCHI Kiyoshi
• 金额: $ 9.15万
• 依托单位: Toyama University
• 依托单位国家: 日本
• 项目类别: Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (A)
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 日本
• 起止时间: 1998 至 2000
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://kaken.nii.ac.jp/grant/KAKENHI-PROJECT-10044026/
• 关键词: Africa; tropical rain forest; conservation of culture; development; nature conservation; hunter-gatherrer; 自然保護; 文化的多様性; ガボン; 中央アフリカ共和国; 農耕民; 文化変容; 伐採

The result of the continuous field survey are following points.In the tropical forest area of these countries, where the commercial economy has not been penetrated absolutely, various farming groups have moved and constituted mixed-group village to cultivate cash crop owing to the recent bad political situation and wide and rapid expansion of commercial timber (Republic of Central Africa), and population outflow and depopulation of farmer villages has progressed (Republic of Congo). The cohesion of ethnic groups of farmers has become weak and inter-ethnic relationship also has been transformed. The Aka, forager ethnic group, has been deprived of the forest environment which sustains their subsistence and cosmology, and has lost social and economic tie with neighboring farmer groups. Then, Aka has been changing into petty cultivators or daily laborers, while they are loosing their ethnic identity.Wild life conservation NGOs, whose supreme objective is to maintain nature reserves or parks, have close connection with timber company who have to be so considerate toward public opinion on the nature conservation in Europe and United States. Conservation NGOs encourage the timber companies and Government to regulate hunting strictly to the forest inhabitants and laborers. Timber companies and administrative office of parks The forest local habitants are obliged to accept the conception of scarcity of useful forest product, such as timber, and wild animals by timber company, nature conservation NGO and the Government without regard to their culture and interests.How "ethnic" identities and inter-group relationship is reconstructed towards economic and political pressure from outside and confusion is the next subject to be solved.

连续实地调查的结果有以下几点：在这些国家的热带森林地区，商业经济尚未完全渗透，由于近期政治形势恶劣，商业木材广泛迅速扩张，各种农业群体纷纷迁移，组成混合村落种植经济作物（中非共和国），人口外流和农村人口减少（刚果共和国）。农民的族群凝聚力变弱，族际关系也发生了转变。阿卡族采食族群被剥夺了维持其生存和宇宙观的森林环境，并失去了与邻近农民群体的社会和经济联系。从此，阿卡逐渐沦为小农或日常劳动者，而他们的民族身份也在逐渐丧失。 以维护自然保护区或公园为最高目标的野生动物保护非政府组织与木材公司有着密切的联系，木材公司不得不如此体贴欧美国家对自然保护的舆论。保护非政府组织鼓励木材公司和政府严格管制森林居民和劳工的狩猎活动。木材公司和公园管理处 森林当地居民有义务接受木材公司、自然保护非政府组织和政府对木材和野生动物等有用林产品稀缺的观念，而不考虑他们的文化和利益。面对来自外部的经济和政治压力和混乱，如何重建“民族”身份和族群关系是下一个需要解决的课题。

项目成果

Future of natural studies : Sympathy for nature

自然研究的未来：同情自然

• 发表时间: 2002
• 作者: S.Kuroda

黒田 末寿: "人類進化再考-社会生成の考古学"以文社. 320 (1999)

黑田末俊：“重新考虑人类进化——社会创造考古学”Ibunsha 320 (1999)。

ガボン、ムカラバ保護区の類人猿

加蓬穆卡拉巴保护区的类人猿

• 发表时间: 2002
• 期刊: モンキー 18(3)
• 作者: 竹ノ下祐二

Diversity of subsistence system related to biological diversity

与生物多样性相关的生存系统多样性

• 发表时间: 2001
• 期刊: Environment, development and culture of Asia and Pacific 3
• 作者: T.Shinohara

生物多様性と連関する生計維持機構の多様性

与生物多样性相关的生计机制的多样性

• 发表时间: 2001
• 期刊: アジア・太平洋の環境・開発・文化 3
• 作者: 篠原 徹