Beyond faces: Widening the lens on developmental prosopagnosia

项目摘要 发育性面孔失认症(DPS)患者在面部身份识别方面存在缺陷 无脑损伤、轻度视力障碍和智力障碍。这些赤字有一个 对大约600万美国人的健康和福祉有重大影响，但NIH目前资助 只有一个项目侧重于发育性面容失认(DP)。拟议项目的目标是 通过识别和调查与DP相关的其他缺陷来加深我们对DP的理解。中环 指导这一建议的假设是1)发育视觉识别缺陷经常同时发生，以及2)缺陷 有一个特定的类别是由优先对该类别做出反应的大脑区域的异常引起的。 该项目的基本原理是，确定与DP相关的缺陷将改变我们对 导致DP的发展和计算因素，并将提供一条途径来解释不同 存在的DP类型。这些假设将通过追求以下具体目标来检验。对于目标1A，a 大样本的DPS(n=300)将与对照组进行比较，行为测试评估 人脸、场景、身体、物体、文字、生物运动、声音、颜色和数字。这种方法将是 与目标1B相辅相成的是，在目标1B中，选择性、群体感受野和大脑的有效连接 优先对目标1A中评估的类别作出反应的地区将在对照和 DPS的子集(n=60)。据预测，行为和神经测量都将显示出广泛的缺陷 DPS和行为缺陷将与神经异常有关。为了解决目标2a， 测量场景处理不同方面的任务的性能将在DPS中与场景中进行对比 加工缺陷组(n=30)、场景加工正常的DPS组(n=30)和对照组。对于目标2B，选择性， 人口接受场、场景区域的多变量分类精度和有效连通性 场景区域之间的差异将被用来识别三组之间的神经差异。在工作中 目标2的假设是，具有场景缺陷的DPS在许多或所有场景下的性能将会降低 任务，以及它们在现场区域内的功能反应和相互之间的连通性将会异常。签立 该项目将导致：1)确定与DP相关的行为缺陷和神经异常， 2)对两种场景区分的DP的行为特征和神经特征的测定 正在处理。这一项目具有创新性，因为它将是第一次系统地调查非人脸 在DP中处理，并将演示如何解释DP的异质性。此外，这项工作将利用 新颖的两步研究流程：使用有史以来测试过的最大样本DPS进行在线行为测试，遵循 通过对有特殊行为特征的DPS进行神经成像。拟议的项目意义重大，因为 DP是一个严重的社会障碍，这个项目将导致DP和其他视觉的新概念 强调具有广泛影响的共生条件和因素的认知缺陷。

Project Summary Individuals with developmental prosopagnosia (DPs) have deficits with facial identity recognition in the absence of brain damage, low-level visual impairments, and intellectual difficulties. These deficits have a significant effect on the health and well-being of an estimated six million Americans, yet NIH currently funds only one project focused on developmental prosopagnosia (DP). The objective of the proposed project is to deepen our understanding of DP by identifying and investigating other deficits associated with it. The central hypotheses guiding this proposal are 1) developmental visual recognition deficits often co-occur, and 2) deficits with a particular category result from abnormalities in brain areas that respond preferentially to that category. The rationale for the project is that identifying deficits associated with DP will transform our understanding of the developmental and computational factors that cause DP and will provide a path to account for the different types of DP that exist. These hypotheses will be tested by pursuing the following specific aims. For Aim 1A, a large sample of DPs (n = 300) will be compared to controls with behavioral tests assessing the processing of faces, scenes, bodies, objects, words, biological motion, voices, color, and number. This approach will be complemented by Aim 1B, in which selectivity, population receptive fields, and effective connectivity of brain areas that respond preferentially to the categories assessed in Aim 1A will be compared in controls and a subset of the DPs (n = 60). It is predicted that both behavioral and neural measures will reveal broad deficits in the DPs and that the behavioral deficits will be linked with neural abnormalities. To address Aim 2A, performance on tasks measuring different aspects of scene processing will be contrasted in DPs with scene processing deficits (n = 30), DPs with normal scene processing (n = 30), and controls. For Aim 2B, selectivity, population receptive fields, and multivariate classification accuracy in scene areas and effective connectivity between scene areas will be used to identify neural differences between the three groups. The working hypothesis for Aim 2 is that DPs with scene deficits will exhibit reduced performance with many or all scene tasks, and their functional responses in and connectivity betweeen scene areas will be abnormal. Execution of this project will result in: 1) identification of behavioral deficits and neural abnormalities associated with DP, and 2) determination of the behavioral and neural characteristics of two types of DP distinguished by scene processing. This project is innovative, because it will be the first systematic investigation of non-face processing in DP and it will demonstrate how to account for DP heterogeneity. In addition, the work will utilize a novel two-step research process: online behavioral testing with the largest sample of DPs ever tested, followed by neuroimaging with DPs who have particular behavioral profiles. The proposed project is significant, because DP is a serious social handicap and this project will lead to a new conception of DP and other visual recognition deficits that emphasizes co-occurring conditions and factors with broad effects.