Anger Rumination in the Development of Psychopathology

项目摘要/摘要 BPD是一个严重且代价高昂的公共卫生问题。制定有效的预防和早期干预措施 BPD随着青春期症状的出现，了解其生物学和行为特征至关重要 易受负面情绪影响的一部分青少年也通过这些机制发展出关系和 行为失调使BPD的治疗具有很大的挑战性。对愤怒的思考可能会放大愤怒作为一种 更喜欢状态而不是羞耻感和被拒绝的感觉，同时也导致了BPD的典型的调节失调。不像 在其他负面情绪中，愤怒会增加唤醒和接近的动力。因此，AR不仅可以 抑制BPD患者的自我导向的负面情绪(负面强化)，但也为他们提供 认同感、赋权感和愉悦感(积极强化)。这一理论提出了一个潜在的 BPD发生的神经机制：多巴胺能奖赏系统的敏化 定位在伏核(NAcc)内，以重复参与AR。拟议的研究的核心是 假设反复使用AR作为情绪调节策略来管理拒绝的痛苦是 立即获得回报，但代价是增加了各种功能失调、冲动的风险 BPD的行为特征。排斥反应和AR的神经回路将在非临床的 13-16岁青春期女孩样本(N=60)，情绪易感性增强，并支持一系列 应变率。为了检查与AR相关的NAcc招聘，参与者将在评估后进行fMRI- 监控涉及人际拒绝的范例，以及随后的愤怒提示， 忧郁、积极和中立的思维。将使用AR的神经相关性来预测BPD特征和 6个月和12个月的相关结果，以及对BPD特征之间的相互作用进行建模的网络， 包括内在化的负面情绪和失调的行为之间的联系。严密的训练计划 将拟议的研究和长期目标与重点放在有助于 候选人作为一名独立调查员的发展。具体地说，培训目标是：(1)获得 青少年转化研究经验，包括受保护人群的伦理问题； (2)掌握设计、实施和分析数据所需的理论和方法技能 从功能磁共振研究；(3)学习网络分析并将这些技能应用于精神病理学评估。一个 拥有这些领域专业知识的导师团队已经组建起来，布朗大学是一个世界- 著名的临床研究机构，有广泛的NIH资助和支持事业的历史 发展奖。总体而言，这些研究和培训目标的广泛目标是支持候选人的 制定一项独立的研究计划，将不适应愤怒调节作为一种潜在的 以生物为基础的干预目标是发展BPD和其他形式的精神病理学。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT BPD is a serious and costly public health problem. To develop effective preventative and early interventions for BPD as symptoms emerge across adolescence, it is crucial to understand the biological and behavioral mechanisms via which a subset of adolescents vulnerable to negative emotions also develop the relational and behavioral dysregulation that makes BPD so challenging to treat. Rumination on anger may amplify anger as a preferred state to shame and feelings of rejection, while contributing to the dysregulation typical of BPD. Unlike other negative emotions, anger increases both arousal and approach motivation. Accordingly, AR may not only dampen BPD individuals’ self-directed negative affect (negative reinforcement), but also provide them with feelings of validation, empowerment, and pleasure (positive reinforcement). This theory suggests a potential neural mechanism contributing to BPD development: sensitization of the dopaminergic reward system localized within the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) to repeated engagement in AR. The proposed study’s central hypothesis is that repeated use of AR as an emotion regulation strategy to manage the pain of rejection is immediately rewarding, but with the cost of increased risk of the wide range of dysfunctional, impulsive behaviors characteristic of BPD. The neural circuitry of rejection and AR will be examined in a non-clinical sample of adolescent girls (N=60) aged 13-16, with heightened emotional vulnerability and endorsing a range of AR. To examine AR-related NAcc recruitment, following assessments, participants will engage in fMRI- monitored paradigms involving interpersonal rejection, and subsequent prompts to engage in angry, depressive, positive and neutral thought. Neural correlates of AR will be used to predict BPD features and related outcomes at 6 and 12 months, as well as networks modeling the interplay among BPD features, including links between internalized negative affect and dysregulated behavior. The training plan closely matches the proposed research and long-term goals with an emphasis on activities that will facilitate the candidate’s development as an independent investigator. Specifically, the training aims are to: (1) Gain experience in translational research with adolescents, including ethical issues with this protected population; (2) Acquire the theoretical and methodological skills required for designing, implementing, and analyzing data from fMRI studies; (3) Learn network analysis and apply these skills to the assessment of psychopathology. A mentorship team with expertise across these areas has been assembled, and Brown University is a world- renowned clinical research institution with an extensive history of NIH funding and supporting career development awards. Overall, the broad aim of these research and training goals is to support the candidate’s development of an independent research program examining maladaptive anger regulation as a potential biologically-based intervention target in the development of BPD and other forms of psychopathology.