RACE, COVID-19, and Health Outcomes Among Individuals Born Preterm

摘要 这个项目解决了在理解种族、新冠肺炎和人类之间潜在联系方面的一个关键差距 大流行病，以及儿童的福祉。我们将通过与其他Echo合作来评估这些关系 队列，从而增加了我们研究样本的地理多样性。我们的同龄人，来自极端 低胎龄新生儿(ELGAN)研究提供了评估子集内关系的机会 以出生时的胎龄来定义。鉴于早期生活逆境在个人中的高流行率 我们早产，预计会发现更容易受到新冠肺炎有害影响的影响 大流行。尽管因新冠肺炎而患上危及生命的感染的儿童比成年人少，但 为阻止新冠肺炎传播而实施的公共卫生政策通过以下方式扰乱了儿童的生活 经济萧条、社会疏远和前所未有的教育中断。向距离的转变 学习改变了孩子们的家庭、学校和社会环境，但我们对其影响知之甚少 这些变化对儿童健康和发育的影响。这些干扰可能会产生更强的负面影响 关于历史上未得到充分服务的群体，包括低收入家庭以及种族和族裔少数群体。这 该提案旨在评估新冠肺炎公共卫生政策对儿童的意外心理社会影响 和家庭，并检查这些影响是否在低收入社区和 有色人种社区。我们调查了新冠肺炎健康政策是否会给这些家庭带来更多困难 如果这些困难对他们积极的健康发展产生不利影响，如学术指数所示 能力和幸福。通过与主要由近足月或足月出生的儿童组成的队列合作， 我们还将评估与新冠肺炎相关的压力源是否对特别脆弱的群体有更大的影响 儿童，即那些极早产的人。此外，我们将研究学校的做法是否与距离有关 学习和支持性社交网络也与儿童的结果有关，独立于新冠肺炎 困难重重。该项目将确定公共卫生政策影响家庭的过程，并将确定 促进儿童积极健康发展的做法。

ABSTRACT This project addresses a critical gap in the understanding of potential links between race, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the well-being of children. We will evaluate these relationships by collaborating with other ECHO cohorts, thus increasing the geographical variation of our study sample. Our cohort, derived from the Extremely Low Gestational Age Newborn (ELGAN) study, provides the opportunity to evaluate relationships within subsets defined in terms of gestational age at birth. Given the high prevalence of early life adversities among individuals born extremely preterm, we anticipate finding increased vulnerability to the harmful effects of the COVID-19 pandemic. Although fewer children than adults have developed life-threatening infections due to COVID-19, the public health policies implemented to stop the spread of COVID-19 have disrupted children’s lives through economic depression, social distancing, and unprecedented educational disruptions. The shift to distance learning has changed children’s home, school, and social environments, but we know very little about the impact of these changes on children’s health and development. These disruptions may have stronger negative effects on historically underserved groups, including lower income families, as well as racial and ethnic minorities. This proposal seeks to evaluate the unintended psychosocial impacts of COVID-19 public health policies on children and families, and to examine if these effects are more prominent within lower income communities and communities of color. We examine if COVID-19 Health Policies impose more hardships on families within these groups, and if these hardships adversely affect their positive health development, as indexed by academic competence and well-being. By collaborating with cohorts comprised primarily of children born near or at term, we will also evaluate whether COVID-19 related stressors have greater impact on a particularly vulnerable group of children, i.e., those born extremely preterm. Further, we will examine if school practices related to distance learning and supportive social networks are also associated with child outcomes, independent of COVID-19 hardships. This project will identify processes by which public health policies influence families and will identify practices that promote children’s positive health development.