Neural basis of sensory and motor learning

感觉和运动学习的神经基础

• 批准号: 10404589
• 负责人: HANNAH JUSTINE BLOCK
• 金额: $ 35.54万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-15 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10404589
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anterior; Applied Research; Area; Basic Science; Behavior; Brain; Brain region; Cerebellum; Clinical Research; Complex; Cues; Data; Environment; Evolution; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hand; Human; Joints; Knowledge; Laboratory Research; Learning; Limb structure; Literature; Lobule; Measures; Modality; Modernization; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Muscle; Neurons; Neurosciences; Parietal; Participant; Perception; Perceptual learning; Play; Positioning Attribute; Process; Proprioception; Research; Rest; Role; Sensorimotor functions; Sensory; Shapes; Site; Somatosensory Cortex; Space Perception; Stimulus; System; Testing; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Translating; Upper Extremity; Vision; Visual; Work; base; experience; experimental study; field study; functional MRI scan; innovation; motor control; motor learning; multisensory; neuroimaging; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system

Sensory perception is vital for accurate hand movement, and learning is known to occur in both sensory and motor systems to keep movement accurate in a changing environment. Unfortunately, how the brain’s sensory and motor systems interact to achieve this is poorly understood. This knowledge gap limits advances in areas that depend on understanding the mechanisms underlying sensorimotor function. Existing roadblocks include: (i) Independent evolution of motor control and sensory perception research, where the importance of bridging these fields has only recently been recognized. (ii) Research that does bridge sensory and motor function typically deals with one sensory modality in isolation, rather than the natural multisensory state of the system. This makes it difficult to translate laboratory research to natural contexts. Hand position, for example, is perceived through both vision and proprioception (position sense, from the joints and muscles). (iii) Neuroimaging has identified human cortical regions active during simple multisensory stimuli but has rarely studied higher level multisensory processes such as visuo-proprioceptive realignment, one form of sensory learning related to spatial perception. To successfully shape multisensory-motor interactions in human behavior, the neural basis of complex multisensory processes must be understood. This project addresses all three roadblocks. The overall objective is to identify, in the context of visuo-proprioceptive processing, the roles of sensory vs. motor brain systems in sensory vs. motor learning. The central hypothesis is that sensory and motor brain areas interact reciprocally in hand control, with each having a role in both sensory and motor learning. Aim 1 will identify the role of sensory vs. motor brain areas in sensory vs. motor learning using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which transiently and focally reduces neural activity. In different groups of healthy participants, stimulation will be applied to brain regions traditionally considered unisensory, multisensory, or motor. Participants will then experience either: (Aim 1A) visuo-proprioceptive sensory learning; or (Aim 1B) motor learning. If learning is affected by TMS, a causal role for the stimulated brain region can be inferred. Using neuroimaging, Aim 2 will identify functional connections among unisensory, multisensory, and motor areas that change in association with visuo-proprioceptive realignment. This project is innovative in two ways: (i) It represents a shift from current research paradigms by studying brain regions traditionally considered unisensory, multisensory, and motor in a single set of experiments comprising multisensory vs. motor learning. (ii) The use of brain stimulation to infer the role of activity within brain areas, and neuroimaging to identify relevant connections between brain areas. The significance of the proposed research is that it will address the roadblocks to progress in the field by bridging sensory and motor research in a multisensory context and testing complex sensory and motor learning processes involved in natural human behavior.

感官知觉对于准确的手部运动至关重要，众所周知，学习发生在感官和手部运动中。 和电机系统，以在不断变化的环境中保持运动准确。不幸的是，如何 大脑的感觉和运动系统如何相互作用来实现这一目标尚不清楚。这种知识差距限制了 依赖于理解感觉运动功能机制的领域的进展。现存的 障碍包括：（i）运动控制和感官知觉研究的独立发展，其中 直到最近才认识到弥合这些领域的重要性。 (ii) 桥接感官的研究 运动功能通常单独处理一种感觉模式，而不是自然的多感觉 系统的状态。这使得将实验室研究转化为自然环境变得困难。手的位置， 例如，通过视觉和本体感觉（来自关节和肌肉的位置感）来感知。 (iii) 神经影像学已识别出在简单的多感觉刺激期间活跃的人类皮质区域，但很少有 研究了更高层次的多感官过程，例如视觉本体感受重新调整，感觉的一种形式 与空间知觉相关的学习。成功塑造人类的多感觉运动相互作用 行为，必须理解复杂的多感官过程的神经基础。该项目解决了所有 三个障碍。总体目标是在视觉本体感受处理的背景下识别 感觉与运动大脑系统在感觉与运动学习中的作用。中心假设是 感觉和运动大脑区域在手部控制中相互作用，每个区域在感觉和运动方面都发挥着作用。 运动学习。目标 1 将确定感觉与运动大脑区域在感觉与运动学习中的作用 使用经颅磁刺激 (TMS)，可暂时、局部地减少神经活动。在 不同群体的健康参与者，刺激将应用于传统上认为的大脑区域 单感觉、多感觉或运动。然后，参与者将体验：（目标 1A）视觉本体感受 感官学习；或（目标 1B）运动学习。如果学习受到 TMS 的影响，则刺激的因果作用 可以推断大脑区域。使用神经影像学，目标 2 将识别之间的功能联系 与视觉本体感受相关的单感觉、多感觉和运动区域的变化 重新调整。该项目在两个方面具有创新性：（i）它代表了当前研究范式的转变 研究传统上被认为是单感觉、多感觉和运动的大脑区域 实验包括多感官学习与运动学习。 (ii) 使用大脑刺激来推断的作用 大脑区域内的活动，以及神经影像学来识别大脑区域之间的相关连接。这 拟议研究的意义在于，它将通过弥合问题来解决该领域取得进展的障碍 多感官背景下的感觉和运动研究以及测试复杂的感觉和运动学习 涉及人类自然行为的过程。