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Neural basis of sensory and motor learning

感觉和运动学习的神经基础

基本信息

批准号：
10641899
负责人：
HANNAH JUSTINE BLOCK
金额：
$ 35.45万
依托单位：
TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-06-15 至 2025-05-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10641899
关键词：
Address Affect Anterior Applied Research Area Basic Science Behavior Brain Brain region Cephalic Cerebellum Clinical Research Complex Cues Data Environment Evolution Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Goals Hand Homologous Gene Human Joints Knowledge Laboratory Research Learning Limb structure Literature Lobule Magnetism Measures Modality Modernization Monkeys Motor Motor Cortex Movement Muscle Neurons Neurosciences Parietal Participant Perception Perceptual learning Positioning Attribute Process Proprioception Research Rest Role Sensorimotor functions Sensory Sensory Process Shapes Site Somatosensory Cortex Space Perception System Testing Transcranial magnetic stimulation Translating Upper Extremity Vision Visual Work experience experimental study field study functional MRI scan innovation motor behavior motor control motor learning multisensory neural neuroimaging response sensory integration sensory stimulus

项目摘要

Sensory perception is vital for accurate hand movement, and learning is known to occur in both sensory and motor systems to keep movement accurate in a changing environment. Unfortunately, how the brain’s sensory and motor systems interact to achieve this is poorly understood. This knowledge gap limits advances in areas that depend on understanding the mechanisms underlying sensorimotor function. Existing roadblocks include: (i) Independent evolution of motor control and sensory perception research, where the importance of bridging these fields has only recently been recognized. (ii) Research that does bridge sensory and motor function typically deals with one sensory modality in isolation, rather than the natural multisensory state of the system. This makes it difficult to translate laboratory research to natural contexts. Hand position, for example, is perceived through both vision and proprioception (position sense, from the joints and muscles). (iii) Neuroimaging has identified human cortical regions active during simple multisensory stimuli but has rarely studied higher level multisensory processes such as visuo-proprioceptive realignment, one form of sensory learning related to spatial perception. To successfully shape multisensory-motor interactions in human behavior, the neural basis of complex multisensory processes must be understood. This project addresses all three roadblocks. The overall objective is to identify, in the context of visuo-proprioceptive processing, the roles of sensory vs. motor brain systems in sensory vs. motor learning. The central hypothesis is that sensory and motor brain areas interact reciprocally in hand control, with each having a role in both sensory and motor learning. Aim 1 will identify the role of sensory vs. motor brain areas in sensory vs. motor learning using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which transiently and focally reduces neural activity. In different groups of healthy participants, stimulation will be applied to brain regions traditionally considered unisensory, multisensory, or motor. Participants will then experience either: (Aim 1A) visuo-proprioceptive sensory learning; or (Aim 1B) motor learning. If learning is affected by TMS, a causal role for the stimulated brain region can be inferred. Using neuroimaging, Aim 2 will identify functional connections among unisensory, multisensory, and motor areas that change in association with visuo-proprioceptive realignment. This project is innovative in two ways: (i) It represents a shift from current research paradigms by studying brain regions traditionally considered unisensory, multisensory, and motor in a single set of experiments comprising multisensory vs. motor learning. (ii) The use of brain stimulation to infer the role of activity within brain areas, and neuroimaging to identify relevant connections between brain areas. The significance of the proposed research is that it will address the roadblocks to progress in the field by bridging sensory and motor research in a multisensory context and testing complex sensory and motor learning processes involved in natural human behavior.

感官知觉对于准确的手部运动至关重要，并且已知学习发生在两个感官知觉中。以及运动系统，以在不断变化的环境中保持运动准确。不幸的是，大脑的感觉和运动系统相互作用，以实现这一点是知之甚少。这种知识差距限制了这些领域的进展取决于对感觉运动功能潜在机制的理解。现有障碍包括：（一）运动控制和感官知觉研究的独立发展，其中只是最近才认识到将这些领域联系起来的重要性。(ii)研究表明，而运动功能通常只处理一种感觉形式，而不是自然的多感觉形式。系统的状态。这使得很难将实验室研究转化为自然环境。手的位置，例如通过视觉和本体感觉（来自关节和肌肉的位置感）两者来感知。 (iii)神经影像学已经确定了在简单的多感官刺激时活跃的人类皮层区域，但很少有研究了更高层次的多感觉过程，如视觉本体感受的重新排列，感觉的一种形式，与空间感知有关的学习。为了成功地塑造人类的多感官-运动相互作用，行为，必须了解复杂的多感觉过程的神经基础。该项目涉及所有三个路障总体目标是在视觉本体感受加工的背景下，感觉与运动脑系统在感觉与运动学习中的作用。核心假设是，感觉和运动脑区域在手的控制中相互作用，每个区域都在感觉和运动中发挥作用。运动学习目标1将确定感觉和运动脑区在感觉和运动学习中的作用使用经颅磁刺激（TMS），短暂和局部减少神经活动。在不同的健康参与者群体，刺激将被施加到传统上被认为是大脑区域，单感觉的、多感觉的或运动的。然后，参与者将体验：（目标1A）视觉本体感受感觉学习;或（目标1B）运动学习。如果学习受到经颅磁刺激的影响，大脑区域可以推断。使用神经成像，Aim 2将识别单感觉、多感觉和运动区域，这些区域随着视觉本体感受而改变重新调整该项目在两个方面具有创新性：（i）它代表了当前研究范式的转变，研究传统上被认为是单一感觉、多感觉和运动的大脑区域，包括多感官与运动学习的实验。(ii)使用脑刺激来推断大脑区域内的活动，以及神经成像来识别大脑区域之间的相关连接。的拟议研究的重要性在于，它将通过弥合在多感官环境中进行感官和运动研究，并测试复杂的感官和运动学习人类自然行为的过程。