Sensory Re-Weighting and Re-Alignment: Cerebellar and Parietal Contributions

感觉重新加权和重新调整：小脑和顶叶的贡献

• 批准号: 7555644
• 负责人: HANNAH JUSTINE BLOCK
• 金额: $ 0.48万
• 依托单位: HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-06 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7555644
• 关键词: Accounting; Area; Awareness; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebellum; Conscious; Cues; DNA Sequence Rearrangement; Data; Environment; Glass; Goals; Human; Impairment; Individual; Location; Modality; Modeling; Movement; Nervous system structure; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Performance; Positioning Attribute; Process; Proprioception; Psychophysiology; Recording of previous events; Rehabilitation therapy; Sensory; Sensory Process; Source; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Vision; Visual; Weight; flexibility; focal brain damage; improved; information gathering; patient population; relating to nervous system; research study; sensory integration

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans rely on multiple types of sensory information to localize targets for reaching, with vision and proprioception most heavily used. However, situations arise where one modality might be more useful than the other (e.g. vision is poor in a dark room). Presumably, the usefulness of different modalities constantly changes, making it advantageous for the nervous system to be able to dynamically switch which modality it "listens to" the most. We call this process sensory re-weighting. Additionally, in most situations it is optimal to combine information from different modalities to estimate a target location. It is therefore critical that they be aligned with one another. Situations can arise when vision and proprioception become misaligned (e.g. wearing glasses with prisms). When sensory modalities become misaligned, it is advantageous for the nervous system to bring the two back into register. We call this process sensory re-alignment. Re-weighting and re-alignment may be two separate processes that are optimally used alone in some situations and in combination in others, and therefore functionally and neurologically distinct. Here we propose to study these behavioral processes in humans. Using psychophysical techniques, we will determine whether the two are separable, and we will ascertain the rules by which the nervous system governs them. We will also determine whether overlapping or distinct brain circuits are important for these processes by studying individuals with focal brain damage, initially focusing on the cerebellum and parietal lobe. Finally, we will discuss how these processes might be manipulated to compensate for deficits in patient populations. The brain's ability to optimally combine different kinds of sensory information is critically important for precise movement control in different contexts (e.g. poorly lit rooms). The ability to align different kinds of sensory information is also critical for behavior, allowing people to benefit from multiple sources of information about the location of objects in their environment. People who lose either of these abilities lose behavioral flexibility and movement accuracy; a better understanding of the rules of sensory integration and adaptation should allow us to understand how to train individuals to improve these abilities, and ultimately movement control.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类依靠多种类型的感觉信息来定位要到达的目标，其中视觉和本体感觉使用最多。然而，在某些情况下，一种模式可能比另一种模式更有用（例如，在黑暗的房间里视力很差）。据推测，不同模态的有用性不断变化，使得神经系统能够动态地切换它最“听”的模态是有利的。我们称这个过程为感官重加权。此外，在大多数情况下，结合来自不同模态的信息来估计目标位置是最优的。因此，至关重要的是，它们必须彼此一致。当视觉和本体感觉错位时（例如，佩戴带有棱镜的眼镜），就会出现这种情况。当感觉模式变得不一致时，有利于神经系统将两者带回寄存器。我们称这个过程为感官重新校准。重新加权和重新对齐可能是两个独立的过程，在某些情况下单独使用是最佳的，在其他情况下结合使用是最佳的，因此在功能和神经学上是不同的。在这里，我们建议研究人类的这些行为过程。使用心理物理技术，我们将确定两者是否可分离，我们将确定神经系统支配它们的规则。我们还将通过研究局灶性脑损伤的个体来确定重叠或不同的脑回路对这些过程是否重要，最初的重点是小脑和顶叶。最后，我们将讨论如何操纵这些过程来弥补患者群体的缺陷。大脑将不同类型的感官信息进行最佳组合的能力对于在不同环境下（例如光线不足的房间）精确控制运动至关重要。整合不同种类感官信息的能力对行为也很重要，使人们能够从环境中物体位置的多个信息来源中受益。失去这两种能力中的任何一种的人会失去行为的灵活性和运动的准确性；更好地理解感觉统合和适应的规则，将使我们了解如何训练个体来提高这些能力，并最终实现运动控制。