Sensory Re-Weighting and Re-Alignment: Cerebellar and Parietal Contributions

感觉重新加权和重新调整：小脑和顶叶的贡献

• 批准号: 7555644
• 负责人: HANNAH JUSTINE BLOCK
• 金额: $ 0.48万
• 依托单位: HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-06 至 2009-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7555644
• 关键词: Accounting; Area; Awareness; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebellum; Conscious; Cues; DNA Sequence Rearrangement; Data; Environment; Glass; Goals; Human; Impairment; Individual; Location; Modality; Modeling; Movement; Nervous system structure; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Performance; Positioning Attribute; Process; Proprioception; Psychophysiology; Recording of previous events; Rehabilitation therapy; Sensory; Sensory Process; Source; Techniques; Testing; Time; Training; Vision; Visual; Weight; flexibility; focal brain damage; improved; information gathering; patient population; relating to nervous system; research study; sensory integration

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans rely on multiple types of sensory information to localize targets for reaching, with vision and proprioception most heavily used. However, situations arise where one modality might be more useful than the other (e.g. vision is poor in a dark room). Presumably, the usefulness of different modalities constantly changes, making it advantageous for the nervous system to be able to dynamically switch which modality it "listens to" the most. We call this process sensory re-weighting. Additionally, in most situations it is optimal to combine information from different modalities to estimate a target location. It is therefore critical that they be aligned with one another. Situations can arise when vision and proprioception become misaligned (e.g. wearing glasses with prisms). When sensory modalities become misaligned, it is advantageous for the nervous system to bring the two back into register. We call this process sensory re-alignment. Re-weighting and re-alignment may be two separate processes that are optimally used alone in some situations and in combination in others, and therefore functionally and neurologically distinct. Here we propose to study these behavioral processes in humans. Using psychophysical techniques, we will determine whether the two are separable, and we will ascertain the rules by which the nervous system governs them. We will also determine whether overlapping or distinct brain circuits are important for these processes by studying individuals with focal brain damage, initially focusing on the cerebellum and parietal lobe. Finally, we will discuss how these processes might be manipulated to compensate for deficits in patient populations. The brain's ability to optimally combine different kinds of sensory information is critically important for precise movement control in different contexts (e.g. poorly lit rooms). The ability to align different kinds of sensory information is also critical for behavior, allowing people to benefit from multiple sources of information about the location of objects in their environment. People who lose either of these abilities lose behavioral flexibility and movement accuracy; a better understanding of the rules of sensory integration and adaptation should allow us to understand how to train individuals to improve these abilities, and ultimately movement control.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类依靠多种类型的感觉信息来定位目标，并使用视觉和本体感受最常使用。但是，出现了一种情况，一种方式可能比另一种方式更有用（例如，在黑暗的房间里的视力很差）。据推测，不同方式的有用性不断变化，这使神经系统能够动态切换哪种模态“倾听”最多。我们称此过程感官重新加权。此外，在大多数情况下，结合不同模式的信息以估算目标位置是最佳选择。因此，至关重要的是他们彼此保持一致。当视力和本体感受变得未对准时，可能会出现情况（例如，戴着棱镜的眼镜）。当感官方式被未对准时，神经系统将两者重新回到寄存器是有利的。我们称此过程感官重新对齐。重新加权和重新调整可能是两个独立的过程，它们在某些情况下单独使用，在其他情况下可以单独使用，因此在功能和神经学上与众不同。在这里，我们建议研究人类的这些行为过程。使用心理物理技术，我们将确定两者是否可分离，我们将确定神经系统控制它们的规则。我们还将通过研究具有局灶性脑损伤的个体，最初专注于小脑和顶叶，我们还将确定重叠或不同的大脑电路对这些过程很重要。最后，我们将讨论如何操纵这些过程以弥补患者人群的缺陷。大脑最佳结合不同种类的感官信息的能力对于在不同情况下的精确运动控制（例如光线不佳的房间）至关重要。使不同种类的感官信息对齐的能力对于行为也至关重要，使人们可以从有关对象在其环境中的位置的多种信息来源受益。失去这些能力之一的人失去了行为灵活性和运动的准确性；对感官整合和适应规则的更好理解应该使我们能够理解如何培训个人以提高这些能力并最终进行运动控制。