Neural basis of sensory and motor learning

感觉和运动学习的神经基础

• 批准号: 10181086
• 负责人: HANNAH JUSTINE BLOCK
• 金额: $ 35.77万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-06-15 至 2025-05-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10181086
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Anterior; Applied Research; Area; Basic Science; Behavior; Brain; Brain region; Cerebellum; Clinical Research; Complex; Cues; Data; Environment; Evolution; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Goals; Hand; Human; Joints; Knowledge; Laboratory Research; Learning; Limb structure; Literature; Lobule; Measures; Modality; Modernization; Monkeys; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Muscle; Neurons; Neurosciences; Parietal; Participant; Perception; Perceptual learning; Play; Positioning Attribute; Process; Proprioception; Research; Rest; Role; Sensorimotor functions; Sensory; Shapes; Site; Somatosensory Cortex; Space Perception; Stimulus; System; Testing; Transcranial magnetic stimulation; Translating; Upper Extremity; Vision; Visual; Work; base; experience; experimental study; field study; functional MRI scan; innovation; motor control; motor learning; multisensory; neuroimaging; relating to nervous system; response; sensorimotor system

Sensory perception is vital for accurate hand movement, and learning is known to occur in both sensory and motor systems to keep movement accurate in a changing environment. Unfortunately, how the brain’s sensory and motor systems interact to achieve this is poorly understood. This knowledge gap limits advances in areas that depend on understanding the mechanisms underlying sensorimotor function. Existing roadblocks include: (i) Independent evolution of motor control and sensory perception research, where the importance of bridging these fields has only recently been recognized. (ii) Research that does bridge sensory and motor function typically deals with one sensory modality in isolation, rather than the natural multisensory state of the system. This makes it difficult to translate laboratory research to natural contexts. Hand position, for example, is perceived through both vision and proprioception (position sense, from the joints and muscles). (iii) Neuroimaging has identified human cortical regions active during simple multisensory stimuli but has rarely studied higher level multisensory processes such as visuo-proprioceptive realignment, one form of sensory learning related to spatial perception. To successfully shape multisensory-motor interactions in human behavior, the neural basis of complex multisensory processes must be understood. This project addresses all three roadblocks. The overall objective is to identify, in the context of visuo-proprioceptive processing, the roles of sensory vs. motor brain systems in sensory vs. motor learning. The central hypothesis is that sensory and motor brain areas interact reciprocally in hand control, with each having a role in both sensory and motor learning. Aim 1 will identify the role of sensory vs. motor brain areas in sensory vs. motor learning using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), which transiently and focally reduces neural activity. In different groups of healthy participants, stimulation will be applied to brain regions traditionally considered unisensory, multisensory, or motor. Participants will then experience either: (Aim 1A) visuo-proprioceptive sensory learning; or (Aim 1B) motor learning. If learning is affected by TMS, a causal role for the stimulated brain region can be inferred. Using neuroimaging, Aim 2 will identify functional connections among unisensory, multisensory, and motor areas that change in association with visuo-proprioceptive realignment. This project is innovative in two ways: (i) It represents a shift from current research paradigms by studying brain regions traditionally considered unisensory, multisensory, and motor in a single set of experiments comprising multisensory vs. motor learning. (ii) The use of brain stimulation to infer the role of activity within brain areas, and neuroimaging to identify relevant connections between brain areas. The significance of the proposed research is that it will address the roadblocks to progress in the field by bridging sensory and motor research in a multisensory context and testing complex sensory and motor learning processes involved in natural human behavior.

感觉感知对于准确的手部运动至关重要，并且已知学习在两种感觉中都会发生 和电机系统以使运动在不断变化的环境中保持准确。不幸的是，如何 大脑的感觉和运动系统相互作用以实现这一目标，这是很众所周知的。这些知识差距限制 取决于了解感觉运动功能的机制的领域的进步。现存的 障碍包括：（i）电动机控制和感官感知研究的独立演变，其中 桥接这些领域的重要性直到最近才得到认可。 （ii）桥接感官的研究 运动功能通常孤立地处理一种感觉方式，而不是自然的多感官 系统状态。这使得很难将实验室研究转化为自然环境。手位置， 例如，通过视觉和本体感受（位置意义，关节和肌肉的位置意义）来感知。 （iii）神经影像学已经确定了在简单多感官刺激期间活跃的人皮质区域，但很少有 研究了较高级别的多感官过程，例如视觉前主敏感重组，一种形式的感觉 与空间感知有关的学习。成功地塑造了人类的多敏运动相互作用 必须理解行为，复杂多感官过程的神经基础。这个项目解决了所有问题 三个障碍。总体目的是在视觉前提处理的背景下确定 感官与运动脑系统在感觉学习中的作用。中心假设是 感觉和运动大脑区域在手工控制中相互相互作用，每个人都在感觉和 运动学习。 AIM 1将确定感官与运动大脑区域在感官与运动学习中的作用 使用经颅磁刺激（TMS），瞬时和局部降低神经活性。在 不同的健康参与者组，刺激将用于传统上考虑的大脑区域 单性，多感官或电动机。然后，参与者将经历：（ AIM 1A）Visuo Preprile coceptive 感官学习；或（AIM 1B）运动学习。如果学习受TMS的影响，则刺激的因果作用 可以推断大脑区域。使用神经影像学，AIM 2将确定功能连接 通用，多感官和运动区域，与视觉主流感受相关 重组。该项目通过两种方式具有创新性：（i）它代表了与当前研究范式的转变 在一组一组 完成多感官与运动学习的实验。 （ii）使用大脑刺激来推断 大脑区域内的活动，以及确定大脑区域之间相关联系的神经影像。这 拟议的研究的意义是，它将通过桥接解决该领域进步的障碍 在多感觉环境中的感觉和运动研究，并测试复杂的感觉和运动学习 自然行为涉及的过程。