Sensory Re-Weighting and Re-Alignment: Cerebellar and Parietal Contributions

感觉重新加权和重新调整：小脑和顶叶的贡献

• 批准号: 7406218
• 负责人: HANNAH JUSTINE BLOCK
• 金额: $ 2.36万
• 依托单位: HUGO W. MOSER RES INST KENNEDY KRIEGER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-12-06 至 2009-12-05
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7406218
• 关键词: Accounting; Area; Awareness; Back; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Cerebellum; Conscious; Cues; DNA Sequence Rearrangement; Data; Environment; Glass; Goals; Human; Impairment; Individual; Localized; Location; Modality; Modeling; Movement; Nervous system structure; Parietal; Parietal Lobe; Patients; Performance; Pliability; Population; Positioning Attribute; Process; Proprioception; Psychophysiology; Recording of previous events; Rehabilitation therapy; Sensory; Sensory Process; Source; Techniques; Testing; Thinking; Time; Training; Vision; Visual; Weight; focal brain damage; improved; information gathering; relating to nervous system; research study; sensory integration

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Humans rely on multiple types of sensory information to localize targets for reaching, with vision and proprioception most heavily used. However, situations arise where one modality might be more useful than the other (e.g. vision is poor in a dark room). Presumably, the usefulness of different modalities constantly changes, making it advantageous for the nervous system to be able to dynamically switch which modality it "listens to" the most. We call this process sensory re-weighting. Additionally, in most situations it is optimal to combine information from different modalities to estimate a target location. It is therefore critical that they be aligned with one another. Situations can arise when vision and proprioception become misaligned (e.g. wearing glasses with prisms). When sensory modalities become misaligned, it is advantageous for the nervous system to bring the two back into register. We call this process sensory re-alignment. Re-weighting and re-alignment may be two separate processes that are optimally used alone in some situations and in combination in others, and therefore functionally and neurologically distinct. Here we propose to study these behavioral processes in humans. Using psychophysical techniques, we will determine whether the two are separable, and we will ascertain the rules by which the nervous system governs them. We will also determine whether overlapping or distinct brain circuits are important for these processes by studying individuals with focal brain damage, initially focusing on the cerebellum and parietal lobe. Finally, we will discuss how these processes might be manipulated to compensate for deficits in patient populations. The brain's ability to optimally combine different kinds of sensory information is critically important for precise movement control in different contexts (e.g. poorly lit rooms). The ability to align different kinds of sensory information is also critical for behavior, allowing people to benefit from multiple sources of information about the location of objects in their environment. People who lose either of these abilities lose behavioral flexibility and movement accuracy; a better understanding of the rules of sensory integration and adaptation should allow us to understand how to train individuals to improve these abilities, and ultimately movement control.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类依赖多种类型的感觉信息来定位目标以达到，其中视觉和本体感觉使用最多。然而，出现了一种模态可能比另一种模态更有用的情况（例如，在黑暗的房间中视力很差）。据推测，不同模态的有用性不断变化，使得神经系统能够动态地切换它“倾听”最多的模态。我们称这个过程为感官再加权。另外，在大多数情况下，最佳的是将来自不同模态的联合收割机信息组合以估计目标位置。因此，它们必须相互协调。当视觉和本体感觉不一致时（例如戴棱镜眼镜），可能会出现这种情况。当感觉模态变得失调时，神经系统将两者重新对齐是有利的。我们称这个过程为感官重组。重新加权和重新对齐可能是两个独立的过程，在某些情况下单独使用和在其他情况下组合使用是最佳的，因此在功能和神经学上是不同的。在这里，我们建议研究人类的这些行为过程。运用心理物理学的技术，我们将确定这两者是否是可分离的，我们将确定神经系统支配它们的规则。我们还将通过研究局灶性脑损伤的个体来确定重叠或不同的脑回路对这些过程是否重要，最初集中在小脑和顶叶。最后，我们将讨论如何操纵这些过程来弥补患者人群的缺陷。大脑最佳地联合收割机不同种类的感觉信息的能力对于在不同环境中（例如，光线不足的房间）进行精确的运动控制至关重要。将不同类型的感官信息整合在一起的能力对行为也至关重要，这使得人们能够从有关其环境中物体位置的多个信息源中受益。失去这两种能力的人都会失去行为灵活性和运动准确性;更好地理解感觉整合和适应的规则应该让我们了解如何训练个体来提高这些能力，并最终提高运动控制能力。