Uncovering and Surveilling Financial Deception Risk in Aging

发现和监控老龄化过程中的财务欺诈风险

• 批准号: 10440656
• 负责人: Natalie C Ebner
• 金额: $ 7.84万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2023-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10440656
• 关键词: Adopted; Adult; Affective; Age; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; American; Anterior; Area; Arousal; Basic Science; Behavioral; Brain; Censuses; Cognitive; Collaborations; Competence; Complex; Computers; Cues; Data; Data Analytics; Data Collection; Deception; Decision Making; Detection; Development; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Electronic Mail; Engineering; Epidemic; Foundations; Fraud; Functional disorder; Goals; Health; Health Status; Impairment; Individual; Infrastructure; Insula of Reil; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Life; Link; Longevity; Machine Learning; Measures; Methodology; Modeling; Monitor; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Persons; Phase; Physiological; Positioning Attribute; Predisposition; Prevention; Process; Psychology; Psychometrics; Public Health; Quality of life; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction; Structure; Thinness; Time; Transact; Validation; age related; aged; aging population; base; brain behavior; computer science; computerized; cost; cyber security; decision-making capacity; digital; experimental study; falls; financial decision making; improved; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; machine learning method; middle age; multidisciplinary; neurophysiology; novel; personalized approach; phishing; prevent; recruit; relating to nervous system; social; social factors; statistical and machine learning; theories; tool

Project Summary. Among older adults, sudden and unexpected financial losses as a result of fraud can have devastating consequences. A rapidly aging population, combined with age-related changes in decision-making processes, means that fraudulent activities targeting older adults is a growing public health problem that requires surveillance, education, and intervention. Motivated by theories of cognitive, socioemotional, and neurobiological aging, this proposal investigates behavioral and neural decision-making mechanisms associated with fraud risk in older adulthood. In a more globally connected and computerized world, older adults may constitute particular at-risk targets for highly effective forms of online financial fraud, such as through social engineering in the form of emails containing malicious links or attachments (phishing). Susceptibility to financial deception in aging has been investigated primarily in the context of age-related cognitive decline, while socioemotional and neurophysiological parameters have been largely understudied. Further, there are few effective approaches to characterize, monitor and detect, and eventually prevent, financial deception. The objectives of the proposed research are threefold: Aim 1 will determine financial deception risk across the adult life span. This aim will seek to confirm that age is associated with greater susceptibility to financial deception, online and in person. Aim 2 will characterize cognitive, socioemotional, and neurophysiological mechanisms associated with deception risk. Specifically, this aim will uncover the extent to which cognitive and socioemotional dysfunction, age-related dampening in neurophysiological reactivity, and structural and functional brain changes contribute to increased susceptibility in aging. Aim 3 involves the development and psychometric validation of a novel risk assessment interview and the development of an automated deception warning tool to alert older adults about potential online fraud. Our research design will span three data collection phases comprising healthy young, middle-aged, young-old, and old-old individuals. Leveraging infrastructure developed in our lab, a behavioral field experiment will determine real-life susceptibility to financial fraud via simulated phishing email attacks (Phase I). A comprehensive in-lab assessment of cognitive/socioemotional and neurophysiological mechanisms will follow (Phase II and III, respectively). A data-analytic Phase IV will integrate data collected across Phases I-III using statistical and machine-learning methods. This multidisciplinary approach, encompassing psychology, neuroscience, computer science, and engineering will lay the foundation for building an integrated approach to risk detection and the provision of financial decision-making supports in older adulthood. Findings and methodologies developed as part of this project have the potential to inform real-life decision-supportive interventions that adopt an age-targeted approach towards the long-term goal of financial risk reduction in older individuals.

项目摘要。对于老年人来说，欺诈造成的突然和意外的经济损失可能会导致 毁灭性的后果。人口迅速老龄化，加上与年龄相关的决策变化 流程，意味着针对老年人的欺诈活动是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题， 需要监视、教育和干预。受认知理论、社会情感理论和 神经生物学衰老，该提案研究行为和神经决策机制 与老年人的欺诈风险相关。在一个更加全球化和计算机化的世界中，老年人 成年人可能成为高效在线金融欺诈形式的特定风险目标，例如 通过社会工程以包含恶意链接或附件的电子邮件形式（网络钓鱼）。 主要在与年龄相关的背景下研究了老龄化过程中对财务欺骗的敏感性 认知能力下降，而社会情绪和神经生理学参数在很大程度上尚未得到充分研究。 此外，几乎没有有效的方法来表征、监测和检测并最终预防， 财务欺骗。拟议研究的目标有三个： 目标 1 将确定财务 整个成人一生中的欺骗风险。这一目标将试图确认年龄与更大的影响有关。 容易遭受在线和面对面的财务欺骗。目标 2 将描述认知、社会情感、 以及与欺骗风险相关的神经生理机制。具体而言，该目标将揭示 认知和社会情感功能障碍、神经生理学中与年龄相关的抑制的程度 大脑的反应性、结构和功能变化会导致衰老的易感性增加。目标 3 涉及新颖的风险评估访谈的开发和心理测量验证以及 开发自动欺骗警告工具，以提醒老年人潜在的在线欺诈。我们的 研究设计将跨越三个数据收集阶段，包括健康青年、中年、年轻老年和 老旧的个体。利用我们实验室开发的基础设施，行为现场实验将确定 通过模拟网络钓鱼电子邮件攻击，现实生活中对金融欺诈的敏感性（第一阶段）。综合实验室 随后将进行认知/社会情感和神经生理学机制的评估（第二阶段和第三阶段， 分别）。数据分析第四阶段将使用统计和方法整合第一阶段至第三阶段收集的数据。 机器学习方法。这种多学科方法涵盖心理学、神经科学、 计算机科学和工程将为构建风险检测的综合方法奠定基础 以及为老年人提供财务决策支持。研究结果和方法 作为该项目的一部分开发的有潜力为现实生活中的决策支持干预措施提供信息 采用针对年龄的方法来实现减少老年人财务风险的长期目标。