Uncovering and Surveilling Financial Deception Risk in Aging

发现和监控老龄化过程中的财务欺诈风险

• 批准号: 10645913
• 负责人: Natalie C Ebner
• 金额: $ 1.31万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2018
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2018-09-01 至 2024-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10645913
• 关键词: Adopted; Adult; Affective; Age; Age-associated memory impairment; Aging; American; Anterior; Area; Arousal; Basic Science; Behavioral; Brain; Censuses; Cognitive; Collaborations; Competence; Complex; Computers; Cues; Data; Data Analytics; Data Collection; Deception; Decision Making; Detection; Development; Educational Intervention; Elderly; Electronic Mail; Engineering; Epidemic; Foundations; Fraud; Functional disorder; Goals; Health; Health Status; Impairment; Individual; Infrastructure; Insula of Reil; Intervention; Interview; Investigation; Life; Link; Longevity; Machine Learning; Measures; Methodology; Modeling; Monitor; Neurobiology; Neurosciences; Persons; Phase; Physiological; Positioning Attribute; Predisposition; Prevention; Process; Psychology; Psychometrics; Public Health; Quality of life; Research; Research Design; Research Personnel; Rewards; Risk; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Risk Reduction; Structure; Thinness; Time; Transact; Validation; age related; aged; aging population; base; brain behavior; computer science; computerized; cost; cyber security; decision-making capacity; digital; experimental study; falls; financial decision making; improved; innovation; interdisciplinary approach; machine learning method; middle age; multidisciplinary; neurophysiology; novel; personalized approach; phishing; prevent; recruit; relating to nervous system; social; social factors; statistical and machine learning; theories; tool

Project Summary. Among older adults, sudden and unexpected financial losses as a result of fraud can have devastating consequences. A rapidly aging population, combined with age-related changes in decision-making processes, means that fraudulent activities targeting older adults is a growing public health problem that requires surveillance, education, and intervention. Motivated by theories of cognitive, socioemotional, and neurobiological aging, this proposal investigates behavioral and neural decision-making mechanisms associated with fraud risk in older adulthood. In a more globally connected and computerized world, older adults may constitute particular at-risk targets for highly effective forms of online financial fraud, such as through social engineering in the form of emails containing malicious links or attachments (phishing). Susceptibility to financial deception in aging has been investigated primarily in the context of age-related cognitive decline, while socioemotional and neurophysiological parameters have been largely understudied. Further, there are few effective approaches to characterize, monitor and detect, and eventually prevent, financial deception. The objectives of the proposed research are threefold: Aim 1 will determine financial deception risk across the adult life span. This aim will seek to confirm that age is associated with greater susceptibility to financial deception, online and in person. Aim 2 will characterize cognitive, socioemotional, and neurophysiological mechanisms associated with deception risk. Specifically, this aim will uncover the extent to which cognitive and socioemotional dysfunction, age-related dampening in neurophysiological reactivity, and structural and functional brain changes contribute to increased susceptibility in aging. Aim 3 involves the development and psychometric validation of a novel risk assessment interview and the development of an automated deception warning tool to alert older adults about potential online fraud. Our research design will span three data collection phases comprising healthy young, middle-aged, young-old, and old-old individuals. Leveraging infrastructure developed in our lab, a behavioral field experiment will determine real-life susceptibility to financial fraud via simulated phishing email attacks (Phase I). A comprehensive in-lab assessment of cognitive/socioemotional and neurophysiological mechanisms will follow (Phase II and III, respectively). A data-analytic Phase IV will integrate data collected across Phases I-III using statistical and machine-learning methods. This multidisciplinary approach, encompassing psychology, neuroscience, computer science, and engineering will lay the foundation for building an integrated approach to risk detection and the provision of financial decision-making supports in older adulthood. Findings and methodologies developed as part of this project have the potential to inform real-life decision-supportive interventions that adopt an age-targeted approach towards the long-term goal of financial risk reduction in older individuals.

项目摘要。在老年人中，由于欺诈而造成的突然和意外的经济损失可能会导致 毁灭性的后果人口迅速老龄化，加上决策中与年龄有关的变化 这意味着针对老年人的欺诈活动是一个日益严重的公共卫生问题， 需要监视教育和干预受认知、社会情绪和 神经生物学老化，这项建议调查行为和神经决策机制 与老年人的欺诈风险有关。在一个更加全球化和计算机化的世界， 成年人可能成为高效在线金融欺诈形式的特定风险目标，例如 通过含有恶意链接或附件的电子邮件形式的社会工程（网络钓鱼）。 老年人对金融欺骗的敏感性主要是在与年龄相关的背景下进行研究的。 认知能力下降，而社会情绪和神经生理参数在很大程度上研究不足。 此外，很少有有效的方法来表征、监测和检测，并最终预防， 金融诈骗拟议研究的目标有三个方面：目标1将确定财政 欺骗的风险。这一目标将寻求证实，年龄与更大的 易受金融欺诈的影响，无论是在线还是面对面。目标2将描述认知，社会情感， 以及与欺骗风险相关的神经生理学机制。具体而言，这一目标将揭示 认知和社会情感功能障碍的程度，与年龄相关的神经生理学抑制， 反应性以及大脑结构和功能变化导致衰老易感性增加。目标3 涉及一种新的风险评估访谈的开发和心理测量验证， 开发自动欺骗警告工具，提醒老年人注意潜在的在线欺诈。我们 研究设计将跨越三个数据收集阶段，包括健康的年轻人、中年人、中年人和老年人， 老的老的人。利用我们实验室开发的基础设施，行为现场实验将确定 通过模拟网络钓鱼电子邮件攻击（第一阶段）对金融欺诈的真实易感性。全面的实验室内 认知/社会情绪和神经生理机制的评估将随后进行（阶段II和III， 分别）。第四阶段的数据分析将利用统计和信息技术， 机器学习方法这种多学科的方法，包括心理学，神经科学， 计算机科学和工程学将为建立一个综合的风险检测方法奠定基础 以及为老年人提供财务决策支持。调查结果和方法 作为该项目的一部分开发的，有可能为现实生活中的决策支持干预提供信息， 采取针对年龄的方法来实现降低老年人财务风险的长期目标。

项目成果

From exploration to exploitation: a shifting mental mode in late life development.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2021.09.001
• 发表时间: 2021-12
• 期刊: Trends in cognitive sciences
• 影响因子: 19.9
• 作者: Spreng RN;Turner GR
• 通讯作者: Turner GR

Is This Phishing? Older Age Is Associated With Greater Difficulty Discriminating Between Safe and Malicious Emails.

这是网络钓鱼吗？

• DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa228
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences
• 作者: Grilli,MatthewD;McVeigh,KatelynS;Hakim,ZiadM;Wank,AubreyA;Getz,SarahJ;Levin,BonnieE;Ebner,NatalieC;Wilson,RobertC
• 通讯作者: Wilson,RobertC

The Phishing Email Suspicion Test (PEST) a lab-based task for evaluating the cognitive mechanisms of phishing detection.

• DOI: 10.3758/s13428-020-01495-0
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Behavior research methods
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Hakim ZM;Ebner NC;Oliveira DS;Getz SJ;Levin BE;Lin T;Lloyd K;Lai VT;Grilli MD;Wilson RC
• 通讯作者: Wilson RC

Troubled past: A critical psychometric assessment of the self-report Survey of Autobiographical Memory (SAM).

• DOI: 10.3758/s13428-021-01604-7
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Behavior research methods
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Setton R;Lockrow AW;Turner GR;Spreng RN
• 通讯作者: Spreng RN

Empirical Analysis of Weapons of Influence, Life Domains, and Demographic-Targeting in Modern Spam - An Age-Comparative Perspective.

现代垃圾邮件中影响力武器、生活领域和人口目标的实证分析 - 年龄比较视角。

• DOI: 10.1186/s40163-019-0098-8
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Crime science
• 影响因子: 6.1
• 作者: Oliveira,DanielaSeabra;Lin,Tian;Rocha,Harold;Ellis,Donovan;Dommaraju,Sandeep;Yang,Huizi;Weir,Devon;Marin,Sebastian;Ebner,NatalieC
• 通讯作者: Ebner,NatalieC