Optimizing Technology Interventions for Help-Seeking for Depression and Suicidality in Sexual and Gender Minority Youth

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A. Abstract Only one-third of adolescents access treatment for depression, and many fail to interact with clinic-based men- tal health resources. Sexual and gender minority youth (SGMY) are at greater risk for severe mental health disorders and suicidality but even less likely to access mental health services, even when access is available. Widespread factors – stigma, negative beliefs about treatment, lack of mental health knowledge - contribute to not seeking services. Mainstream mental health interventions fail to address unique factors to SGMY that in- hibit help-seeking: double stigma (stigma around mental health as well as internalized homophobia and tran- sphobia), concern about revealing SGM status, low family support, lack of access to SGM affirming mental health professionals. Despite being hard-to-reach, SGMY at risk for depression are quite active online. Yet SGMY-specific evidence-based online interventions are lacking and community interventions do not enhance mental health help-seeking. Targeted online interventions are needed to address unique factors which prevent help-seeking but are themselves usable and engaging. The current proposal will use a user-informed efficient approach to technology intervention design considering the heterogeneity and specific needs of SGMY. We will use the Behavioral Intervention Technology Model to design and study several intervention principles (IPs), or theoretical concepts including intervention aims and behavioral strategies, to understand which mechanisms of action hold promise while being iterating design and potential modalities. We will use human computer interac- tion (HCI) framework, Discover, Design/Build, and Test to develop and study several IPs. Specifically we will (1a) conduct an internet-based qualitative study in SGMY to explore current use of online tools, perspectives on intervention targets (e.g. negative attitudes like stigma, social support, knowledge), and preferences for IP components and delivery modalities, (1b) use HCI techniques to develop initial prototypes and seek iterative user feedback and (2) evaluate 4 finalized low-fidelity prototypes using a factorial trial to understand each IP prototype’s individual and combined feasibility, usability, acceptability, and change in help-seeking intention in an online sample of diverse (racially, ethnically, age, gender identity, sexual orientation) SGMY. This will inform the development of a high-fidelity intervention which may include different components for specific SGMY sub- groups to be evaluated in a larger clinical trial. The PI, Dr. Radovic, is a physician researcher in adolescent medicine and has conducted years of research using stakeholder-informed methods and HCI techniques to inform intervention development. By working with experts in SGM health, stakeholder engagement, interven- tion design, qualitative analysis, HCI design, and BIT development and testing, we have an exciting opportunity to bridge the gap for SGM adolescents with depression and suicidality to motivate them to and equip them with the tools they need to access treatment. This proposal is responsive to NOT-MH-18-031 by conducting nimble iterative testing and NOT-MD-19-001 - testing stigma reduction interventions.