Longitudinal Examination of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Internalizing Psychopathology in Adolescence

项目摘要/摘要 认知节奏迟缓(SCT)是一组以过度白日做梦为特征的行为症状， 思维迟缓，头脑混乱，神志模糊。现在已经确定，可以可靠地测量SCT 跨家长、教师和自我报告评级，与其他精神病理学维度不同，包括 ADHD和内化性症状。一项快速增长的研究也证明了SCT是强有力的 与功能障碍有关，超过了其他精神病态。但是，SCT仍然 没有出现在当前的精神病理学模型中，很大程度上是因为该领域缺乏严格的纵向 研究SCT与其他精神病理学的关系。在横断面研究中，SCT的症状是 持续且强烈地与内化症状相关联。初步调查结果也记录在案 SCT与自杀风险增加之间的关联。重要的是，我们的试点数据显示，SCT预测 将症状内化，而不是相反。此外，SCT症状唯一地预测内化问题 而不是外化行为，这表明SCT可能是理解 具体地说，发展内化问题。然而，将SCT与青年的内化症状联系起来的研究 在几个方面受到限制，包括：(A)使用横截面设计，防止建立 时间关联，(B)使用方便的样本(例如，ADHD)，而不是用于SCT的丰富样本 具体地说，(C)未能审查将SCT与内部化联系起来的可能机制或漏洞 症状，以及(D)关注学龄儿童，尽管SCT症状和内化问题 在青春期急剧增加。这项研究将通过使用前瞻性的纵向、 多信息者、多方法设计跨越青春期早期发育敏感期 检查SCT症状作为不同内化结果的预测因子，并测试机制和 将SCT与针对SCT而丰富的社区样本中的症状内在化相关联的漏洞 症状学。具体地说，以社区为基础的330名青少年(10-12岁)样本 对于SCT症状，将在每隔一年的三个时间点招募和评估。 符合NIMH研究领域标准(RDoC)倡议和发展精神病理学 框架，一个多信息、多方法的电池，横跨生理、行为和自我报告 将使用分析单位。我们将检查维度SCT症状作为内在化的预测因子 心理病理随时间的变化，检验SCT与内化的纵向关系的机制 精神病理学，并探索加剧的脆弱性(生理反应、惩罚敏感性) 这些纵向关系。确定纵向影响和确定机制的研究结果 跨分析单元的漏洞将推动SCT理论模型的发展。 这项研究的结果也将为有针对性的临床评估和治疗提供途径。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) is a set of behavioral symptoms characterized by excessive daydreaming, slowed thinking, and mental confusion and fogginess. It is now established that SCT can be reliably measured across parent, teacher, and self-report ratings and is distinct from other psychopathology dimensions including ADHD and internalizing symptoms. A rapidly growing body of research also demonstrates SCT to be strongly associated with functional impairment, above and beyond other psychopathologies. However, SCT remains absent from current models of psychopathology, in large part because the field lacks rigorous longitudinal research examining SCT in relation to other psychopathologies. In cross-sectional studies, SCT symptoms are consistently and strongly associated with internalizing symptoms. Preliminary findings also document associations between SCT and increased suicide risk. Importantly, our pilot data show SCT predicts increased internalizing symptoms rather than the reverse. Further, SCT symptoms uniquely predict internalizing problems and not externalizing behaviors, suggesting that SCT may be a unique factor in understanding the development of internalizing problems specifically. Yet studies linking SCT to internalizing symptoms in youth are limited in several ways, including: (a) use of cross-sectional designs that preclude establishment of temporal associations, (b) using convenience samples (e.g., ADHD) rather than a sample enriched for SCT specifically, (c) failing to examine possible mechanisms or vulnerabilities linking SCT to internalizing symptoms, and (d) focusing on school-aged children even though SCT symptoms and internalizing problems sharply increase in adolescence. This study will address these limitations by using a prospective longitudinal, multi-informant, multi-method design across the developmentally sensitive period of early adolescence to examine SCT symptoms as a predictor of diverse internalizing outcomes and to test mechanisms and vulnerabilities linking SCT to internalizing symptoms in a community sample enriched for SCT symptomatology. Specifically, a community-based sample of 330 young adolescents (ages 10-12 years) enriched for SCT symptomatology will be recruited and assessed at three timepoints one year apart. Consistent with the NIMH Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) initiative and a developmental psychopathology framework, a multi-informant, multi-method battery that cuts across physiological, behavioral, and self-report units of analysis will be used. We will examine dimensional SCT symptoms as a predictor of internalizing psychopathology change over time, test mechanisms of the longitudinal relation between SCT and internalizing psychopathologies, and explore vulnerabilities (physiological reactivity, punishment sensitivity) that exacerbate these longitudinal relations. Findings establishing longitudinal effects and identifying mechanisms and vulnerabilities that cut across units of analysis will advance the development of theoretical models of SCT. Findings from this study will also provide avenues for targeted clinical assessment and treatment.