Human sweat taste and contact-guided behavior in Aedes aegypti

项目总结 蚊子每年将疾病传播给数亿人。行为- 修改战略一直是监测和控制工作的主要工具。已经引起了很多关注 致力于阐明和操纵驱动寻找宿主的温度感觉和嗅觉线索的检测 行为。然而，在我们对蚊子宿主的接触性化学感觉的理解上存在着一个关键的差距。 相互作用，尽管咬人和吸血行为是导致疾病的关键因素 变速箱。在蚊子找到宿主后，她会降落在皮肤表面，并进行探测 在开始血餐之前和她的发夹在一起。众所周知，人类皮肤表面充满了 化学物质，包括汗液中发现的化学物质。了解人类的汗液信号是否可以被 蚊子的味觉系统，如果是这样的话，这些信号是否激活了启动血液之前的行为 餐饮，将为开发新的行为矫正工具提供宝贵的切入点，用于监视和 控制力。我们选择的模式是Ae。埃及伊蚊，登革热、基孔肯雅和寨卡病毒的媒介，这是 对人类健康造成了巨大的全球负担，现在还在一些地区建立了 美国的。 我们建议探索这样一种假设，即人体皮肤上存在的可溶性化合物是通过 蚊子的味觉系统，并激活进食前的近距离行为。我们关注的是人类 汗液成分，除了盐、酸和氨衍生物外，还包括游离氨基酸。这个 我们假设背后的前提得到了我们的试点数据的支持，在这些数据中，我们发现一种人造汗液混合物 此外，某些特定的氨基酸和盐也可以激活雌性蚊子的味觉神经元。此外， 在滤纸靶标上呈现的混合物可以刺激交配雌性的相互作用和试探尝试。 我们提案的具体目标将通过两个目标实现。在目标1中，我们将创建一张品味地图 人类汗液成分和混合物在埃及伊蚊雌性体内的响应性。我们会 确定这些刺激是否促进驻留或喂食前行为，例如使用 独立的基于人群和单身女性的行为分析。在AIM 2中，我们将评估细胞 而对人类汗味的行为反应是通过敲除选定的味觉受体/辅助器来改变的。 受体使用CRISPR/Cas9介导的基因组编辑。拟议研究的结果将提供 对蚊子味觉引导行为的重要分子和神经生理学见解 在人类汗液中发现的化合物。

PROJECT SUMMARY Mosquitoes are responsible for transmitting disease to hundreds of millions of people each year. Behavior- modification strategies have been major tools in surveillance and control efforts. A lot of attention has been devoted to elucidating and manipulating detection of thermosensory and olfactory cues that drive host-seeking behavior. However, a critical gap exists in our understanding of contact chemosensation in mosquito-host interactions, despite the fact that biting and blood feeding behaviors are crucial factors in driving disease transmission. After a mosquito has found a host, she lands on and examines the skin surface, and probes it with her stylets before initiating a blood meal. It is well known that the human skin surface is replete with chemicals, including those found in sweat. An understanding of whether human sweat cues can be sensed by the mosquito taste system, and if so, whether these cues activate behaviors that precede initiation of blood meals, would provide a valuable entry point for developing new behavior-modifying tools for surveillance and control. Our model of choice is Ae. aegypti, a vector of Dengue, Chikungunya, and Zika viruses, which is responsible for an enormous worldwide burden on human health, and is now also established in some regions of the United States. We propose to explore the hypothesis that soluble compounds present on human skin are sensed by the mosquito taste system and activate close-range behaviors that precede blood feeding. We focus on human sweat components, which include free amino acids in addition to salts, acids and ammonia derivatives. The premise behind our hypothesis is supported by our pilot data, in which we find that an artificial sweat mixture as well as certain individual amino acids and salt can activate taste neurons in female mosquitoes. Further, mixtures presented on a filter paper target can stimulate interaction and probing attempts in mated females. The specific goals of our proposal will be accomplished via two aims. In AIM 1, we will create a map of taste responsivity of human sweat components and mixtures in the female Aedes aegypti mosquito. We will determine if these stimuli promote residency or pre-feeding behaviors such as labellating and probing using independent population-based and single-female behavior assays. In AIM 2, we will evaluate whether cellular and behavioral responses to human sweat tastants are altered by knocking out selected taste receptors/co- receptors using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing. The results of the proposed studies will provide important molecular and neurophysiological insights into mosquito taste-guided behaviors elicited by compounds found in human sweat.