Receptors and Neurons Mediating Acid Taste in Drosophila

介导果蝇酸味的受体和神经元

基本信息

批准号：
8484817
负责人：
Anupama Arun Dahanukar
金额：
$ 21.1万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2012-07-01 至 2015-09-30
项目状态：
已结题

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The mechanisms by which various classes of chemical stimuli are detected and how that translates into appropriate behaviors is a central problem in gustatory neurobiology. The overarching objective of this proposal is to investigate the molecular and cellular mechanisms of carboxylic acid taste in Drosophila, and to identify neurophysiological responses to carboxylic acids in the mosquito, Aedes aegypti. Drosophila is an excellent model to study the fundamental logic by which the taste system is organized in insects. While a lot of progress has been made in deciphering the molecular and cellular mechanisms of certain categories of tastants including sweet and bitter compounds, little is known about the fly's taste responses to acids. Based on preliminary studies, the central hypothesis of this proposal is that acid stimuli can activate and inhibit different categories of taste neurons, and acid-mediated inhibition of taste neurons is dependent on the function of a highly conserved member of the Ionotropic receptor family, Ir25a. The approach to test this hypothesis will be to: 1) undertake electrophysiological analyses to characterize activation of taste neurons by carboxylic acids, 2) validate the identity of taste neurons that are activated in response to acid stimuli and determine their contribution in acid aversion behavior, 3) characterize acid-mediated inhibition of sweet neurons, 4) link the function of Ir25a to acid-mediated inhibition of sugar neurons, and 5) initiate an analysis of excitatory and inhibitory responses to acids in taste neurons of Aedes aegypti. The proposed research is innovative because it represents a departure from previous studies of chemosensory responses to carboxylic acids that focused on the role of the olfactory system, and because the research plan encompasses a multidisciplinary approach spanning genetic, electrophysiological and behavioral analyses. The proposed research is significant because it will provide insight into the molecular and cellular basis of acid taste in a valuable model organism, which will aid in studying fundamental problems of chemosensory coding and behavior. Notably, carboxylic acids of low volatility are components of human sweat and their detection by taste neurons may be important for behaviors of human blood-feeding insects such as Aedes aegypti and Anopheles gambiae, which transmit deadly diseases. An understanding of the function of evolutionarily conserved receptors in the detection of carboxylic acids may lead to novel strategies for control of arthropod disease vectors.

描述（由申请人提供）：检测到各种类型的化学刺激以及如何转化为适当行为的机制是味觉神经生物学中的一个核心问题。该提案的总体目的是研究果蝇中羧酸味的分子和细胞机制，并鉴定蚊子埃及埃及埃及的神经生理学对羧酸的神经生理反应。果蝇是研究在昆虫中组织味道系统的基本逻辑的绝佳模型。尽管在解密某些类别的葡萄酒剂在内的分子和细胞机制（包括甜和苦涩化合物）的分子和细胞机制方面已经取得了很多进展，但对苍蝇对酸的味道反应知之甚少。基于初步研究，该提案的中心假设是酸刺激可以激活和抑制不同类别的味觉神经元，而酸介导的味觉神经元的抑制作用取决于离子受体家族高度保守的成员IR25A的功能。检验该假设的方法将是：1）进行电生理分析以表征羧酸激活味觉神经元的激活，2）验证响应于酸刺激而激活的味觉神经元的身份，并确定其在酸性厌恶行为中的贡献，并确定其在酸性厌恶行为中的作用，3）表征酸介导的酸神经元的酸神经元，4）IR型IRINGID IRINGID IRING IRINGIS IRING IRINGIS-25A，IRINGIS-25A，IRINGIN-2）5A。 5）对伊蚊味道神经元中的酸性兴奋性和抑制反应进行分析。拟议的研究具有创新性，因为它代表了以前对羧酸的化学水敏反应的研究，该研究集中在嗅觉系统的作用上，并且研究计划涵盖了跨越遗传学，电生理学和行为分析的多学科方法。拟议的研究之所以重要，是因为它将在有价值的模型生物体中提供对酸味的分子和细胞基础的洞察力，这将有助于研究化学感应编码和行为的基本问题。值得注意的是，低波动率的羧酸是人汗的成分，味道神经元的检测对于人类喂养昆虫的行为，例如埃及伊蚊和冈比亚河流的行为很重要，这些昆虫会传播致命的疾病。对进化保守受体在检测羧酸检测中的功能的理解可能会导致控制节肢动物疾病载体的新策略。