Functional analysis of insect taste receptors

昆虫味觉受体的功能分析

基本信息

批准号：
8613010
负责人：
Anupama Arun Dahanukar
金额：
$ 34.55万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-12-01 至 2018-11-30
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8613010
关键词：
Address Anopheles gambiae Arthropods Behavior Behavioral Behavioral Genetics Brain Categories Cells Chemicals Cues Culicidae Decision Making Dengue Detection Disease Drosophila genus Drosophila gustatory receptor Ectopic Expression Edible Plants Family Feeding behaviors Food Food Selections Genetic Glean Goals Human Individual Ingestion Insect Control Insecta Ligands Light Malaria Modality Molecular Molecular Genetics Neurons Odorant Receptors Phylogeny Plant Sources Play Property Public Health Receptor Gene Receptor Inhibition Research Role Site Source System Taste Perception Testing Translating Variant West Nile Fever base design egg feeding fly genetic analysis improved in vivo inhibitor/antagonist innovation loss of function mutant novel novel strategies promoter public health relevance receptor receptor function research study response sugar sweet taste perception tool transmission process

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The ability to detect various chemicals and to use this information to make feeding decisions is a defining feature of the taste system from humans to insects. In Drosophila, a large family of Gustatory receptor (Gr) genes encodes divergent receptors that are expressed in taste neurons. Despite ongoing efforts, we know little about the ligand response profiles of individual Gr proteins in any insect. Gr proteins represent a novel family, distantly related only to insect Odorant receptor (Or) proteins, and thus lack the advantage of structural or functional comparisons with equivalent groups. The same feature of exclusivity in insects and arthropods, however, makes Grs attractive targets for developing novel strategies of insect control. In preliminary studies, we have developed an in vivo functional expression system in which to identify the response properties of individual insect Grs. The overarching objective of this proposal is to elucidate functional properties of individual taste receptors in Drosophila and the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae, and their role in instructing feeding behavior. We propose to systematically characterize the tuning profiles of selected taste receptors of the fruit fly and the mosquito by taking advantage of our ectopic expression system. The experiments are designed to reveal fundamental features of Gr function including the activation and inhibition profiles of individual receptors, the extent of functional overlap between receptors, and the relationship between receptor sequence and function. The approach to address these questions will be to: 1) Identify the tuning profiles of internally expressed Drosophila taste receptors, and evaluate their roles in feeding behavior by genetic analysis, 2) Characterize novel cross-modality interactions between Drosophila sweet taste receptors and bitter tastants, and examine the functional role of sweet taste neuron inhibition in feeding behavior, and 3) Identify activators and inhibitors of putative sweet taste receptors of An. gambiae and characterize the response profiles of endogenous sweet taste neurons in the mosquito proboscis. The proposed research is innovative because it employs a novel in vivo ectopic expression system for decoding Gr function and combines it with molecular genetics, electrophysiological, and behavioral analyses of gustatory function. The research is significant because functional analysis of Gr genes will contribute to our understanding of the fundamental principles by which tastants are encoded across a diverse repertoire of receptors and how mechanisms of tastant detection translate to food selection. Additionally, our studies will shed light on molecular and cellular mechanisms of sugar detection in mosquitoes, which may be applicable for improving sugar-baited traps that are used in mosquito surveillance and control strategies. !

描述（由申请人提供）：检测各种化学物质并使用此信息做出喂养决策的能力是从人到昆虫的品味系统的一个定义特征。在果蝇中，大型味觉受体（GR）基因都编码在味觉神经元中表达的不同受体。尽管正在进行努力，但我们对任何昆虫中单个GR蛋白的配体反应曲线知之甚少。 GR蛋白代表一个新的家族，仅与昆虫气味受体（OR）蛋白相关，因此缺乏与等效组的结构或功能比较的优势。然而，昆虫和节肢动物中排他性的相同特征使GRS具有吸引力的目标，以制定新颖的昆虫控制策略。在初步研究中，我们开发了一个体内功能表达系统可以识别单个昆虫GRS的响应特性。该提案的总体目的是阐明果蝇和疟疾蚊子蚊子中各个味觉受体的功能特性，以及它们在指导喂养行为中的作用。我们建议通过利用我们的异位表达系统来系统地表征果蝇和蚊子的选择味道受体的调整曲线。该实验旨在揭示GR功能的基本特征，包括单个受体的激活和抑制谱，受体之间的功能重叠程度以及受体序列和功能之间的关系。解决这些问题的方法将是：1）确定内部表达的果蝇味道受体的调整曲线，并通过遗传分析评估其在喂养行为中的作用，2）表征果蝇甜味受体和苦味剂之间的新型交叉模式相互作用，并检查甜味受体在喂食者和3个味道中的味觉受体中的甜味神经元抑制作用和3个识别剂的味道。冈比亚并表征了蚊子长鼻中内源性甜味神经元的反应曲线。拟议的研究具有创新性，因为它采用了一种新型的体内异位表达系统来解码GR功能，并将其与味觉功能的分子遗传学，电生理学和行为分析相结合。这项研究之所以重要，是因为GR基因的功能分析将有助于我们理解味道剂在各种受体中编码的基本原理，以及味道检测的机制如何转化为食物选择。此外，我们的研究将阐明蚊子中糖检测的分子和细胞机制，这可能适用于改善蚊子监测和控制策略中使用的糖诱饵陷阱。呢