Optically Induced Anisometropias

光学引起的屈光参差

• 批准号: 10526705
• 负责人: Lisa A Ostrin
• 金额: $ 49.56万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF HOUSTON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1981
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1981-02-01 至 2023-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10526705
• 关键词: Adolescent; Adrenergic Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Affect; Animal Model; Animals; Anisometropia; Antiinflammatory Effect; Biological Markers; Biometry; Birth; Blindness; Brimodine; Cavia; Characteristics; Chick; Child; Childhood; Choroid; Circadian Rhythm Pathway; Clinical; Collagen Fibril; Data; Development; Dinoprost; Dose; Economic Burden; Environment; Etiology; Exposure to; Extracellular Matrix; Eye; Fibrillar Collagen; Fibroblasts; Foundations; Goals; Growth; Hour; Human; Hyperopia; In Vitro; Incidence; Infant; Inflammation; Investigation; Knowledge; Latanoprost; Lead; Life; Light; Lighting; Macaca mulatta; Measurement; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Morphology; Myopia; Ocular Pathology; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Outcome Measure; Pathology; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Pharmacologic Substance; Pharmacological Treatment; Physiologic Intraocular Pressure; Play; Population; Prevalence; Primates; Productivity; Property; Protocols documentation; Public Health; Quality of life; Refractive Errors; Research; Risk; Role; Sclera; Synthetic Prostaglandins; Techniques; Testing; Therapeutic Effect; Thick; Time; Timolol; Translating; Tupaiidae; Vision; Visual; Visual impairment; circadian biology; cost; effective therapy; experience; experimental study; in vivo; light effects; monocular; novel therapeutics; prevent; primary outcome; programs; protective effect; socioeconomics; targeted treatment; therapy development; treatment strategy

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Soon after birth, most infants develop the optimal refractive error (i.e., “clinical” emmetropia) in both eyes that is maintained throughout childhood and into adult life. However, for reasons not currently understood, a significant and rapidly increasing proportion of the population develop myopia, or nearsightedness. Because of structural changes that take place as the eye becomes myopic, even low degrees of myopia pose a significant risk for multiple blinding conditions. As a consequence, myopia is now one of the leading causes of permanent visual impairment in the world. Additionally, myopia represents a substantial economic burden. In addition to lost productivity, billions of dollars are spent annually on optical corrections and pathologies caused by myopia. The long-term goal of our research program is to provide a better understanding of the etiology of common forms of myopia, juvenile and early adult onset myopia, and ultimately to develop effective treatment strategies that reduce the burden of myopia. The specific aims of our proposed research are to determine how visual experience affects refractive development, to characterize the operational properties of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate eye growth, and to explore new pharmaceutical approaches to eliminate myopia. Our purpose is to generate knowledge that can be applied to the human eye; however, many of the required experiments cannot be conducted in humans. Therefore, these experiments will be conducted using rhesus monkeys. Previous studies in our lab and others show that light/dark exposure patterns and characteristics of light, such as intensity and wavelength, influence eye growth. Potential mechanisms include alterations in circadian rhythm pathways and ocular remodeling, particularly of the sclera, the outermost coat of the eye. Preliminary data also show that prostaglandin analogs and alpha adrenergic agonists influence eye growth. Here, controlled rearing strategies, optical and biometric techniques, and histopathological investigation will be used to determine: 1) the effects of duration and time of day of red light exposure on eye growth and myopia and 2) whether prostaglandin analogs and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists can slow the development of myopia. The role of intraocular pressure, inflammation, and scleral remodeling in eye growth will be examined. The proposed experiments focus on fundamental issues concerning the manner in which visual experience influences refractive development. Findings will be important in determining how and to what extent visual experience contributes to the genesis of common human refractive errors. More importantly, the results of these studies will potentially provide the scientific foundation for qualitatively new treatment and management strategies for the most common forms of myopia. Findings will contribute the development of treatments to effectively slow the progression of myopia in children to increase quality of life, reduce the risk of associated pathologies, and decrease the economic burden caused by myopia.

项目总结/摘要 出生后不久，大多数婴儿发展出最佳屈光不正（即，“临床”正视）， 在整个童年和成年生活中都保持着。然而，由于目前尚不清楚的原因， 显著且迅速增加的人口比例发展为近视或近视眼。因为 当眼睛变得近视时发生的结构变化，即使是低度数的近视也会造成显著的 多重设盲条件的风险。因此，近视现在是永久性近视的主要原因之一。 世界上最严重的视力障碍此外，近视是一个巨大的经济负担。除了 由于生产力的损失，每年有数十亿美元花费在近视引起的光学矫正和病理上。 我们研究计划的长期目标是更好地了解常见的 近视的形式，青少年和早期成人发病近视，并最终制定有效的治疗策略 减轻近视的负担。我们所提出的研究的具体目标是确定视觉 经验影响屈光发展，以表征视觉依赖的操作特性 调节眼睛生长的机制，并探索消除近视的新药物方法。 我们的目的是产生可以应用于人眼的知识;然而，许多所需的知识， 实验不能在人类身上进行。因此，这些实验将使用恒河猴进行 猴子我们实验室和其他实验室的先前研究表明， 光（例如强度和波长）影响眼睛的生长。可能的机制包括： 昼夜节律途径和眼重塑，特别是巩膜（眼睛的最外层）的重塑。 初步数据还表明，前列腺素类似物和α肾上腺素能激动剂影响眼睛的生长。 在这里，控制饲养策略，光学和生物技术，和组织病理学调查将是 用于确定：1）红光暴露时间和时间对眼睛生长和近视的影响 前列腺素类似物和α 2肾上腺素能激动剂是否能减缓近视的发展。 眼内压、炎症和巩膜重塑在眼睛生长中的作用将被研究。的 建议的实验集中在有关视觉体验的方式的基本问题上， 影响屈光发育。调查结果将是重要的，在确定如何以及在多大程度上视觉 经验有助于人类常见屈光不正的发生。更重要的是， 这些研究可能为新的治疗和管理提供科学基础 最常见的近视形式的策略。研究结果将有助于开发治疗方法， 有效减缓儿童近视的进展，提高生活质量，降低相关风险， 病理，并减少近视造成的经济负担。