Optically Induced Anisometropias

项目摘要/摘要 出生后不久，大多数婴儿的双眼出现最佳屈光不正(即临床正视)。 在整个童年和成年生活中一直保持着。然而，由于目前尚不清楚的原因，一个 患近视或近视的人口比例显著且迅速上升。因为. 当眼睛变得近视时发生的结构变化，即使是低程度的近视也会造成显著的 有多种致盲情况的风险。因此，近视现在是永久性的主要原因之一 世界上最大的视障患者。此外，近视是一种巨大的经济负担。除了……之外 由于近视造成生产力下降，每年花费数十亿美元用于光学矫正和近视引起的病理检查。 我们研究计划的长期目标是为了更好地了解常见疾病的病因 针对近视形式、青少年和成人早期发病的近视，最终制定有效的治疗策略 从而减轻近视的负担。我们提议的研究的具体目标是确定 经验影响屈光发育，以表征视觉依赖的操作属性 调节眼睛生长的机制，并探索消除近视的新药物方法。 我们的目的是生成可应用于人眼的知识；然而，所需的许多 实验不能在人体内进行。因此，这些实验将使用恒河猴进行 猴子。我们实验室和其他实验室之前的研究表明，明/暗曝光模式和特征 光线，如强度和波长，会影响眼睛的生长。可能的机制包括 昼夜节律途径和眼睛重塑，特别是巩膜，眼睛的最外层。 初步数据还显示，前列腺素类似物和α-肾上腺素能激动剂会影响眼睛生长。 在这里，受控饲养策略，光学和生物识别技术，以及组织病理学研究 用于测定：1)红光照射时间和时间对眼睛发育和近视的影响 前列腺素类似物和α-2肾上腺素能激动剂是否能延缓近视的发展。 本课程将研究眼压、炎症和巩膜重塑在眼球发育中的作用。这个 拟议的实验集中在与视觉体验方式有关的基本问题上 影响屈光发育。研究结果对于确定视觉效果的方式和程度将是重要的 经验有助于人类常见屈光不正的发生。更重要的是， 这些研究将潜在地为新的治疗和管理提供科学基础。 针对最常见的近视形式的策略。这些发现将有助于治疗的发展 有效延缓儿童近视进展，提高生活质量，降低相关风险 减少近视带来的经济负担。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Soon after birth, most infants develop the optimal refractive error (i.e., “clinical” emmetropia) in both eyes that is maintained throughout childhood and into adult life. However, for reasons not currently understood, a significant and rapidly increasing proportion of the population develop myopia, or nearsightedness. Because of structural changes that take place as the eye becomes myopic, even low degrees of myopia pose a significant risk for multiple blinding conditions. As a consequence, myopia is now one of the leading causes of permanent visual impairment in the world. Additionally, myopia represents a substantial economic burden. In addition to lost productivity, billions of dollars are spent annually on optical corrections and pathologies caused by myopia. The long-term goal of our research program is to provide a better understanding of the etiology of common forms of myopia, juvenile and early adult onset myopia, and ultimately to develop effective treatment strategies that reduce the burden of myopia. The specific aims of our proposed research are to determine how visual experience affects refractive development, to characterize the operational properties of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate eye growth, and to explore new pharmaceutical approaches to eliminate myopia. Our purpose is to generate knowledge that can be applied to the human eye; however, many of the required experiments cannot be conducted in humans. Therefore, these experiments will be conducted using rhesus monkeys. Previous studies in our lab and others show that light/dark exposure patterns and characteristics of light, such as intensity and wavelength, influence eye growth. Potential mechanisms include alterations in circadian rhythm pathways and ocular remodeling, particularly of the sclera, the outermost coat of the eye. Preliminary data also show that prostaglandin analogs and alpha adrenergic agonists influence eye growth. Here, controlled rearing strategies, optical and biometric techniques, and histopathological investigation will be used to determine: 1) the effects of duration and time of day of red light exposure on eye growth and myopia and 2) whether prostaglandin analogs and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists can slow the development of myopia. The role of intraocular pressure, inflammation, and scleral remodeling in eye growth will be examined. The proposed experiments focus on fundamental issues concerning the manner in which visual experience influences refractive development. Findings will be important in determining how and to what extent visual experience contributes to the genesis of common human refractive errors. More importantly, the results of these studies will potentially provide the scientific foundation for qualitatively new treatment and management strategies for the most common forms of myopia. Findings will contribute the development of treatments to effectively slow the progression of myopia in children to increase quality of life, reduce the risk of associated pathologies, and decrease the economic burden caused by myopia.