Optically Induced Anisometropias

项目摘要/摘要 出生后不久，大多数婴儿的双眼出现最佳屈光不正(即临床正视)。 在整个童年和成年生活中一直保持着。然而，由于目前尚不清楚的原因，一个 患近视或近视的人口比例显著且迅速上升。因为. 当眼睛变得近视时发生的结构变化，即使是低程度的近视也会造成显著的 有多种致盲情况的风险。因此，近视现在是永久性的主要原因之一 世界上最大的视障患者。此外，近视是一种巨大的经济负担。除了……之外 由于近视造成生产力下降，每年花费数十亿美元用于光学矫正和近视引起的病理检查。 我们研究计划的长期目标是为了更好地了解常见疾病的病因 近视形式、青少年和早期成人近视，并制定有效的治疗策略，以 减轻近视负担。我们提议的研究的具体目标是确定 经验影响屈光发育，以表征视觉依赖的操作属性 调节眼睛生长的机制，并探索消除近视的新药物方法。 我们的目的是生成可应用于人眼的知识；然而，所需的许多 实验不能在人体内进行。因此，这些实验将使用恒河猴进行 猴子。我们实验室和其他实验室之前的研究表明，光的特性，如强度， 波长和曝光时间会影响眼睛的生长。可能的机制包括 视网膜和脉络膜视觉级联和眼睛重塑，特别是巩膜，最外面的一层 眼睛。初步数据还表明，前列腺素类似物和α-肾上腺素能激动剂会影响眼睛 成长。在这里，受控的饲养策略，严格的光学和生物识别技术，以及组织病理学 研究将被用来确定：1)红光暴露的时间和剂量对体内的影响 眼生长与近视及体外培养的人巩膜成纤维细胞2)前列腺素是否类似物 而α-2肾上腺素能激动剂可以减缓近视的发展。巩膜成纤维细胞活性的作用， 将检查巩膜重塑和眼压在眼生长发育中的作用。建议的实验重点是 关于视觉体验影响屈光发育方式的基本问题。 这些发现对于确定视觉经验如何以及在多大程度上对起源起作用将是重要的 常见的人类屈光不正。更重要的是，这些研究的结果可能会提供 近视最常见形式的新治疗和管理策略的科学基础 预防和延缓儿童近视进展，提高生活质量，降低相关风险 减少近视带来的经济负担。

PROJECT SUMMARY/ABSTRACT Soon after birth, most infants develop the optimal refractive error (i.e., “clinical” emmetropia) in both eyes that is maintained throughout childhood and into adult life. However, for reasons not currently understood, a significant and rapidly increasing proportion of the population develop myopia, or nearsightedness. Because of structural changes that take place as the eye becomes myopic, even low degrees of myopia pose a significant risk for multiple blinding conditions. As a consequence, myopia is now one of the leading causes of permanent visual impairment in the world. Additionally, myopia represents a substantial economic burden. In addition to lost productivity, billions of dollars are spent annually on optical corrections and pathologies caused by myopia. The long-term goal of our research program is to provide a better understanding of the etiology of common forms of myopia, juvenile and early adult-onset myopia, and to develop effective treatment strategies that reduce the burden of myopia. The specific aims of our proposed research are to determine how visual experience affects refractive development, to characterize the operational properties of the vision-dependent mechanisms that regulate eye growth, and to explore new pharmaceutical approaches to eliminate myopia. Our purpose is to generate knowledge that can be applied to the human eye; however, many of the required experiments cannot be conducted in humans. Therefore, these experiments will be conducted using rhesus monkeys. Previous studies in our lab and others show that characteristics of light, such as intensity, wavelength, and duration of exposure, influence eye growth. Potential mechanisms include alterations in retinal and choroidal visual cascades and ocular remodeling, particularly of the sclera, the outermost coat of the eye. Preliminary data also show that prostaglandin analogs and alpha-adrenergic agonists influence eye growth. Here, controlled rearing strategies, rigorous optical and biometric techniques, and histopathological investigation will be used to determine: 1) the effects of duration and dosing of red light exposure on in vivo eye growth and myopia and on in vitro human scleral fibroblast culture and 2) whether prostaglandin analogs and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists can slow the development of myopia. The role of scleral fibroblast activity, scleral remodeling, and intraocular pressure in eye growth will be examined. The proposed experiments focus on fundamental issues concerning the manner in which visual experience influences refractive development. Findings will be important in determining how and to what extent visual experience contributes to the genesis of common human refractive errors. More importantly, the results of these studies will potentially provide the scientific foundation for novel treatment and management strategies for the most common forms of myopia in children to prevent and slow the progression of myopia, increase quality of life, reduce the risk of associated pathologies, and decrease the economic burden caused by myopia.