Collaborative knowledge-based DfMA approach to build cost-efficient, low-impact and high performance houses

“40年来，建筑实践几乎没有发展，生产力也没有发展。房屋作为一种产品，一直被批评为成本效率低下，无法满足市场需求。创新市场失败的原因是：1）商业周期缺乏连续性，2）学科孤岛的存在，3）现代建筑方法缺乏基于证据的基准，4）现有知识分散。拟议的项目-由Walsall Housing Group的商业部门领导，由来自各个部门和学科的专家组成的联盟提供-试图通过采用创新的跨学科合作方法来解决这些问题，设计，制造和组装市场证明，环保和可扩展的经济适用房，以满足需求。** 合作内容包括：1）开发专门知识，i）面向制造的设计; ii）面向装配的设计; iii）高性能和低影响的设计; iv）具有最低生命周期成本和二氧化碳排放的房屋设计（即DfMA房屋）; 2）评估制造设计的自动化潜力; 3）为DfMA房屋制定基于证据的生产和生命周期基准;以及4）开发基于知识的工程工具，以估算生命周期成本和碳排放 **。项目中提出的DFMA房屋将直接有助于减少33%的生命周期成本，包括10%的建造成本，50%的设计和建造时间，30%的家庭能源消耗和50%的碳强度，并提高20%的建筑生产力。这将 ** 影响和扩大集团到2021年的1，365个房屋交付计划，以及区域和国家计划 **。该项目的预期经济效益包括：1）减少租户住户的能源费用; 2）为供应商创造新的商业机会; 3）降低区域建筑成本并加快交付，以实现目标完工; 4）允许其他注册供应商通过与本集团的合作伙伴关系复制该商业模式，这将产生乘数效应; 5）减少每户家庭的劳动力需求将提高行业对劳动力短缺的适应能力-这一现有问题可能会随着时间的推移而恶化。其他社会影响包括：1）通过创造更多的可支配收入和更舒适的生活环境来提高生活质量; 2）更快地获得社会或负担得起的住房; 3）为未来创造新的角色和技能; 4）为生产创造比传统生产现场更安全的工作环境。"

"Construction practice has hardly evolved in 40 years, and nor has productivity. Houses as a product have been criticised as cost-inefficient and failing to meet the market demand. Innovation market failures have been caused by 1) lack of continuity of business cycles, 2) presence of discipline silos, 3) lack of evidence-based benchmarks for modern construction methods and 4) fragmented available knowledge. The proposed project - to be led by the commercial arm of Walsall Housing Group and delivered by a consortium of experts from various sectors and disciplines - attempts to address these issues by adopting an innovative cross-disciplinary collaborative approach to design, manufacture and assemble market-proof, environmentally-friendly and scalable affordable houses to meet demand. **The collaboration includes 1) development of know-how for i) design for manufacture; ii) design for assembly; iii) design for high performance and low impact and iv) design for houses with minimal life cycle costs and CO2 emissions (i.e. DfMA houses); 2) evaluation of automation potential of design for manufacture; 3) development of evidence-based production and life-cycle benchmarks for DfMA houses; and 4) development of knowledge-based engineering tools to estimate life-cycle costs and carbon emissions**.DfMA houses proposed in the project will directly contribute to reducing 33% life-cycle costs including 10% build cost, 50% design and construction time, 30% household energy consumption and 50% carbon intensity, and increasing 20% construction productivity. This will **impact and expand the Group's 1,365 house delivery programme by 2021, as well as regional and national programmes**.The anticipated economic benefits for the project include: 1) reducing tenant householders' energy bills; 2) creating new business opportunity for suppliers; 3) reducing regional construction costs and speeding up delivery to meet the completions targeted; 4) allowing other registered providers to replicate the business model through partnerships with the Group, which will create a multiplier effect; 5) a reduced labour requirement per home will improve the industry resilience to labour shortage -- an existing problem likely to worsen over time.Other social impacts include: 1) improving quality of life by creating more disposable income and more comfortable living environment; 2) quicker access to social or affordable housing; 3) creating new roles and skills for the future; 4) creating a safer work environment for production than the traditional production onsite."