COCAINE, CAFFEINE AND NICOTINE--ORAL ABUSE AND BEHAVIOR

(1)饮食不规律可诱发多种慢性， 过度行为，包括口服药物过度放纵。 根据这些 时间表-诱导条件下，将允许动物同时 选择为药物溶液（可卡因，咖啡因或尼古丁）工作 或水来研究药物和非药物 这些因素有助于物质的选择和维持， 虐待(2)选择性获取口服药物的条件 发生滥用（关键决策者的疏忽， 有条件的参与者）可以模拟 当人类获得物质滥用时起作用的非药理学因素 (lack奖励替代品，社会福利促进）。 将对滥用诱导的参数进行分析。(3)网关 影响获得的药物以及影响获得的激动剂和拮抗剂药物 药物滥用将被评估。(4)的行为后果 可卡因、咖啡因和尼古丁，无论是注射还是口服 过度放纵将通过各种行为技术来衡量 (e.g.,运动活动，精细运动任务，时机 容量）和（5）在平行研究中与血清 药物和代谢物药代动力学。(6)同时的影响 暴露于两种药物组合将评估可能的协同作用或 改善结果，特别是沿着合法代理人时 可卡因。(7)同时滥用乙醇和可卡因是 可卡因滥用者经常使用的药物， 将从行为学上评价活性代谢物古柯乙烯。(8)的 慢性时间表诱导的媒介物和可卡因饮用对 将研究脑区域单胺及其代谢物。（九） 对咖啡因作用的药理学分析将尝试使用 腺苷激动剂和拮抗剂具有1或2种行为 技术.

(1) Food-schedule intermittency can induce several sorts of chronic, excessive behaviors, including oral drug overindulgence. Under these schedule-induction conditions, animals will be allowed a concurrent choice to work for either a drug solution (cocaine, caffeine or nicotine) or water to investigate how both pharmacological and nonpharmacological factors come to contribute to the selection and maintenance of substance abuse. (2) The conditions under which selective acquisition of oral drug abuse occurs (intermittency of a crucial reinforcer, facilitation by conditioned reinforcers) may model the crucial participation of nonpharmacological factors operative when humans acquire substance abuse (lack of rewarding alternatives, facilitation by social reinforcers). The parameters of abuse induction will undergo analysis. (3) Gateway agents affecting acquisition, and agonist and antagonist drugs affecting the drug abuse, will be assessed. (4) The behavioral consequences of cocaine, caffeine and nicotine, both when injected and when taken by oral overindulgence will be measured by a variety of behavioral techniques (e.g., locomotor activities, fine-motor task performance, timing capacities) and (5) related quantitatively in parallel studies to serum drug and metabolite pharmacokinetics. (6) The effects of simultaneous exposure to two-drug combinations will evaluate possible synergistic or ameliorative outcomes, particularly when a licit agent is taken along with cocaine. (7) The simultaneous coabuse of ethanol and cocaine is frequent for cocaine abusers, and the possible contributary action of the active metabolite cocaethylene will be evaluated behaviorally. (8) The effect of both chronic schedule-induced vehicle and cocaine drinking on brain regional monoamines and their metabolites will be investigated. (9) A pharmacologic analysis of caffeine's action will be tried using adenosine agonist and antagonist agents with 1 or 2 behavioral techniques.