CALCULATED RECIPROCITY IN CHIMPANZEES

黑猩猩的互惠计算

• 批准号: 2248890
• 负责人: FRANS B DE WAAL
• 金额: $ 8.55万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-06-01 至 1995-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2248890
• 关键词: Pan; animal food; eating; ethology; judgment; psychological reinforcement; social adjustment; social cooperation; social group process

The proposed research is part of a continuing effort to map nonhuman primate social cognition. It marks a shift in PI's methodology from observation of spontaneous behavior to noninvasive experimental manipulation. The aspect selected for study is social reciprocity, which is considered a key element of human social functioning and morality. A previous study of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) suggested food- sharing as a promising dependent variable in this species. An outdoor-housed group of captive chimpanzees will be subjected to food trials in which all individuals are present, as well as to experiments designed to increase the optimal character of food sharing. This will be achieved by temporary separation of particular individuals during which time they will discover food and subsequently be given the choice to either rejoin the group or consume the food undisturbed. In a variation on this experiment, subjects can consume the food on their own but conspecifics will be allowed to watch. A comparison of behavior across the various conditions will test the prediction that chimpanzees take the perceptions of conspecifics into account. Because of the close taxonomic relation between humans and chimpanzees, the reciprocity system of chimpanzees may depend on emotions, social pressures, and cognitive evaluations that are fundamentally similar to those underlying human reciprocity. Investigation of how individuals judge and influence one another may increase understanding of misjudgments underlying social dysfunction.

这项拟议中的研究是绘制非人类地图的持续努力的一部分 灵长类的社会认知 这标志着PI方法的转变， 无创性实验动物自发行为观察 操纵 选择研究的方面是社会互惠， 被认为是人类社会功能和道德的关键要素。 一 先前对圈养黑猩猩的研究表明， 作为一个有希望的因变量共享在这个物种。 一群圈养在户外的黑猩猩将被喂食 所有人都在场的试验，以及实验 旨在提高食物共享的最佳特性。 这将是 在此期间， 时间，他们将发现食物，随后被给予选择， 要么重新加入群体要么不受干扰地进食 在变型中 在这个实验中，受试者可以自己吃食物， 同类将被允许观看。 行为的比较 各种各样的条件将检验黑猩猩将 对同类的感知。 由于人类和黑猩猩在分类学上的密切关系， 黑猩猩的互惠系统可能依赖于情感、社会关系、 压力和认知评估， 那些潜在的人类互惠。 调查个人如何 相互判断和影响可以增加对 导致社交功能障碍的错误判断