RELATION BETWEEN SPACE AND AGGRESSION IN RHESUS MACAQUES

恒河猴的空间与攻击性之间的关系

• 批准号: 3451204
• 负责人: FRANS B DE WAAL
• 金额: $ 10.29万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN-MADISON
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-09-30 至 1993-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3451204
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; aggression; animal population density; coping; gender difference; social space; socioenvironment; territoriality; veterinary science

Research institutions have recently come under attack for trauma in their rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The fighting is blamed on crowded housing conditions. The literature, however, suggest a more complex relation between space and aggression. A comparison between free-ranging temple monkeys in Kathmandu, monkeys in a large corral, and caged monkeys with a relatively high population density yields and average rate of between 1.6 and 2.2 aggressive acts performed per adult female per hour. In addition to this small variability, the highest rate is not found under the most crowded condition. For males, the variation is greater, with by the highest aggression rate in the free-ranging population. Nonaggressive behavior can also be affected by spatial conditions. Patterns which increase under crowding (e.g. grooming) may serve to regulate social tensions. Buffering mechanisms are expected to be particularly well- developed in groups of monkeys with a long history of captive housing. The proposed research aims at an investigation of 1) the relation between population density and the rate of aggressive behavior in well-established, provisioned rhesus monkey groups under a wide range of spatial conditions, and 2) the role of affiliative behavior in social adjustment to environmental conditions. For this purpose, rhesus monkeys will be observed in social groups housed in laboratory cages, in medium to large pens, and in spacious corrals at two Regional Primate Research Centers. These observations will be compared with those on Free-ranging, provisioned groups of the same species. Except for one experimental manipulation, the study will be of an observational nature. Subjects will be observed in the environment in which they have lived for many years, surrounded by familiar individuals. The social behavior of one individual at a time will be recorded on a portable computer during ten-minute intervals. Besides aggressive acts of various intensities, records will include the context of aggression, the direction and duration of affiliative behavior, and the probability of inter-opponent reunion following an aggressive incident. Over a 3 year period data will be collected on 42 adult males and 150 adult females. The proposed experiment consists of confining an entire monkey group for eight hours to a familiar space that is smaller than their normal enclosure. Such acute crowding is expected to have a greater effect on aggression than chronic crowding. The study is intended to illuminate some of the pros and cons of social housing; an important issue in the ongoing debate about laboratory animal well-being.

研究机构最近受到攻击的创伤， 恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）。 战斗归咎于拥挤的住房 条件 然而，文献表明， 空间和侵略性之间的关系 散养寺庙与传统寺庙的比较 猴子在加德满都，猴子在一个大畜栏，和笼子里的猴子， 相对较高的人口密度和产量之间的平均比率为1.6 和每小时2.2次攻击行为。 此外 这种小的变异性，最高率是没有发现下最 拥挤的状况。 对于男性来说，变化更大， 在自由放养的人群中攻击率最高。 病名 行为也会受到空间条件的影响。 图案 在拥挤情况下增加（例如梳理）可能有助于调节社会 紧张 预计缓冲机制将特别完善- 是在长期圈养的猴子群体中发展起来的。 拟议的研究旨在调查1）之间的关系 人口密度和攻击行为的比率， 在广泛的空间条件下饲养恒河猴群， 2）亲和行为在社会适应中的作用， 环境条件 为此，恒河猴将 在实验室笼舍中的社会群体中观察到， 在两个地区灵长类动物研究中心的宽敞的围栏里。 这些观察结果将与那些自由放养， 同一物种的群体。 除了一个实验操作，这项研究将是一个 观察性质。 受试者将在环境中观察， 他们已经生活了很多年，周围都是熟悉的人。 一次一个人的社会行为将被记录在一个 每隔十分钟用一次便携式电脑 除了侵略行为， 各种强度，记录将包括侵略的背景， 亲和行为的方向和持续时间，以及 在一次攻击性事件后对手之间的重聚。 超过3年 将收集42名成年男性和150名成年女性的阶段数据。 的 一个提议的实验包括将一整群猴子关在8个 几个小时到一个熟悉的空间，这是小于他们正常的外壳。 这种严重的拥挤预计对侵略的影响比 慢性拥挤 这项研究旨在阐明社会的一些利弊， 住房;正在进行的关于实验动物的辩论中的一个重要问题 well-being.