RELATION BETWEEN SPACE AND AGGRESSION IN RHESUS MACAQUES

研究机构最近受到了攻击，原因是 恒河猴(猕猴)。战斗被归咎于拥挤的住房 条件。然而，这些文献表明了一种更复杂的关系 在太空和侵略之间。自由放养寺庙与自由放养寺庙的比较 加德满都的猴子，大畜栏里的猴子，用笼子里的猴子 相对较高的种群密度产量和平均增长率在1.6 每名成年女性每小时发生2.2次攻击性行为。此外 对于这种小的变异性，最大的变化率并不是最大的 人满为患。对于男性来说，这种差异更大，因为 在自由放养的种群中攻击率最高。非侵略性 行为也会受到空间条件的影响。这些图案 拥挤情况下的增加(例如，打扮)可能有助于调节社交 关系紧张。缓冲机制预计会特别好- 在圈养房屋历史悠久的猴子群体中发展起来的。 拟议中的研究旨在调查1)两者之间的关系 人口密度和攻击性行为的比率， 在广泛的空间条件下提供恒河猴群体， 2)从属行为在社会适应中的作用 环境条件。为此，恒河猴将被 在实验室笼子里的社会群体中观察，在中型到大型 围栏，以及两个地区灵长类研究中心宽敞的畜栏里。 这些观察结果将与Free-Range、Provisioned 同一物种的群体。 除了一项实验操作，这项研究将是一项 观察性。受试者将在#年的环境中进行观察 他们已经在那里生活了很多年，周围都是熟悉的人。 一次一个人的社会行为将被记录在 每隔十分钟使用一台便携式电脑。除了咄咄逼人的行为 各种强度，记录将包括攻击的背景， 从属行为的方向和持续时间，以及 在一次咄咄逼人的事件之后，对手之间的重聚。超过3年 将收集42名成年男性和150名成年女性的时期数据。这个 拟议的实验包括将整个猴子群体限制为8人 几个小时，来到一个熟悉的空间，比他们正常的围栏更小。 如此严重的拥挤预计对攻击性的影响要比 长期拥挤。 这项研究旨在阐明社会福利制度的一些利弊。 住房；正在进行的关于实验动物的辩论中的一个重要问题 幸福。

Research institutions have recently come under attack for trauma in their rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The fighting is blamed on crowded housing conditions. The literature, however, suggest a more complex relation between space and aggression. A comparison between free-ranging temple monkeys in Kathmandu, monkeys in a large corral, and caged monkeys with a relatively high population density yields and average rate of between 1.6 and 2.2 aggressive acts performed per adult female per hour. In addition to this small variability, the highest rate is not found under the most crowded condition. For males, the variation is greater, with by the highest aggression rate in the free-ranging population. Nonaggressive behavior can also be affected by spatial conditions. Patterns which increase under crowding (e.g. grooming) may serve to regulate social tensions. Buffering mechanisms are expected to be particularly well- developed in groups of monkeys with a long history of captive housing. The proposed research aims at an investigation of 1) the relation between population density and the rate of aggressive behavior in well-established, provisioned rhesus monkey groups under a wide range of spatial conditions, and 2) the role of affiliative behavior in social adjustment to environmental conditions. For this purpose, rhesus monkeys will be observed in social groups housed in laboratory cages, in medium to large pens, and in spacious corrals at two Regional Primate Research Centers. These observations will be compared with those on Free-ranging, provisioned groups of the same species. Except for one experimental manipulation, the study will be of an observational nature. Subjects will be observed in the environment in which they have lived for many years, surrounded by familiar individuals. The social behavior of one individual at a time will be recorded on a portable computer during ten-minute intervals. Besides aggressive acts of various intensities, records will include the context of aggression, the direction and duration of affiliative behavior, and the probability of inter-opponent reunion following an aggressive incident. Over a 3 year period data will be collected on 42 adult males and 150 adult females. The proposed experiment consists of confining an entire monkey group for eight hours to a familiar space that is smaller than their normal enclosure. Such acute crowding is expected to have a greater effect on aggression than chronic crowding. The study is intended to illuminate some of the pros and cons of social housing; an important issue in the ongoing debate about laboratory animal well-being.