CALCULATED RECIPROCITY IN CHIMPANZEES

这项拟议的研究是绘制非人类地图的持续努力的一部分 灵长类的社会认知能力。这标志着PI的方法论从 非侵入性实验的自发行为观察 操纵。选择研究的方面是社会互惠，这是 被认为是人类社会运作和道德的关键要素。一个 之前对圈养黑猩猩的研究表明，食物-- 在这个物种中，分享是一个很有希望的依赖变量。 一群圈养在户外的黑猩猩将接受食物 所有人都在场的试验，以及实验 旨在增加食物共享的最佳特性。这将是 通过暂时分离特定的个人来实现，在此期间 它们会发现食物，并随后被允许选择 要么重新加入这个群体，要么不受干扰地食用食物。在一个变种中 在这项实验中，受试者可以自己食用食物，但 同种节目将被允许观看。不同国家之间的行为比较 各种不同的条件将检验黑猩猩的预测 考虑到对同种细节的看法。 由于人类和黑猩猩在分类上的密切关系， 黑猩猩的互惠系统可能取决于情感、社会 压力和认知评估从根本上类似于 那些潜在的人类互惠。对个人如何 相互评判和影响可以增加对 潜在的社会功能障碍的误判。

The proposed research is part of a continuing effort to map nonhuman primate social cognition. It marks a shift in PI's methodology from observation of spontaneous behavior to noninvasive experimental manipulation. The aspect selected for study is social reciprocity, which is considered a key element of human social functioning and morality. A previous study of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) suggested food- sharing as a promising dependent variable in this species. An outdoor-housed group of captive chimpanzees will be subjected to food trials in which all individuals are present, as well as to experiments designed to increase the optimal character of food sharing. This will be achieved by temporary separation of particular individuals during which time they will discover food and subsequently be given the choice to either rejoin the group or consume the food undisturbed. In a variation on this experiment, subjects can consume the food on their own but conspecifics will be allowed to watch. A comparison of behavior across the various conditions will test the prediction that chimpanzees take the perceptions of conspecifics into account. Because of the close taxonomic relation between humans and chimpanzees, the reciprocity system of chimpanzees may depend on emotions, social pressures, and cognitive evaluations that are fundamentally similar to those underlying human reciprocity. Investigation of how individuals judge and influence one another may increase understanding of misjudgments underlying social dysfunction.