CALCULATED RECIPROCITY IN CHIMPANZEES

黑猩猩的互惠计算

• 批准号: 3430192
• 负责人: FRANS B DE WAAL
• 金额: $ 8.52万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-06-01 至 1994-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3430192
• 关键词: Pan; animal food; eating; ethology; judgment; psychological reinforcement; social adjustment; social cooperation; social group process

The proposed research is part of a continuing effort to map nonhuman primate social cognition. It marks a shift in PI's methodology from observation of spontaneous behavior to noninvasive experimental manipulation. The aspect selected for study is social reciprocity, which is considered a key element of human social functioning and morality. A previous study of captive chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) suggested food- sharing as a promising dependent variable in this species. An outdoor-housed group of captive chimpanzees will be subjected to food trials in which all individuals are present, as well as to experiments designed to increase the optimal character of food sharing. This will be achieved by temporary separation of particular individuals during which time they will discover food and subsequently be given the choice to either rejoin the group or consume the food undisturbed. In a variation on this experiment, subjects can consume the food on their own but conspecifics will be allowed to watch. A comparison of behavior across the various conditions will test the prediction that chimpanzees take the perceptions of conspecifics into account. Because of the close taxonomic relation between humans and chimpanzees, the reciprocity system of chimpanzees may depend on emotions, social pressures, and cognitive evaluations that are fundamentally similar to those underlying human reciprocity. Investigation of how individuals judge and influence one another may increase understanding of misjudgments underlying social dysfunction.

拟议的研究是绘制非人类地图的持续努力的一部分 灵长类动物的社会认知。 它标志着 PI 方法论的转变 自发行为观察到无创实验 操纵。 选择研究的方面是社会互惠， 被认为是人类社会功能和道德的关键要素。 一个 先前对圈养黑猩猩（Pan troglodytes）的研究表明，食物- 共享作为该物种的一个有前途的因变量。 一群户外圈养的黑猩猩将接受食物 所有个体都在场的试验以及实验 旨在提高食物共享的最佳特性。 这将是 通过特定个人的暂时分离来实现，在此期间 他们会发现食物并随后选择 要么重新加入队伍，要么不受干扰地吃掉食物。 在一个变体中 在这个实验中，受试者可以自己吃食物，但是 同种动物将被允许观看。 行为比较 各种条件将检验黑猩猩采取的预测 考虑同种人的看法。 由于人类和黑猩猩之间密切的分类关系， 黑猩猩的互惠系统可能取决于情感、社交 压力和认知评估基本上类似于 那些潜在的人类互惠性。 调查个人如何 相互判断和影响可以增进对彼此的理解 社会功能障碍背后的误判。