RELATION BETWEEN SPACE AND AGGRESSION IN RHESUS MACAQUES

恒河猴的空间与攻击性之间的关系

• 批准号: 3421511
• 负责人: FRANS B DE WAAL
• 金额: $ 12万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-09-30 至 1993-09-29
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3421511
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; aggression; animal population density; animal welfare research; coping; gender difference; social space; socioenvironment; territoriality; veterinary science

Research institutions have recently come under attack for trauma in their rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). The fighting is blamed on crowded housing conditions. The literature, however, suggest a more complex relation between space and aggression. A comparison between free-ranging temple monkeys in Kathmandu, monkeys in a large corral, and caged monkeys with a relatively high population density yields and average rate of between 1.6 and 2.2 aggressive acts performed per adult female per hour. In addition to this small variability, the highest rate is not found under the most crowded condition. For males, the variation is greater, with by the highest aggression rate in the free-ranging population. Nonaggressive behavior can also be affected by spatial conditions. Patterns which increase under crowding (e.g. grooming) may serve to regulate social tensions. Buffering mechanisms are expected to be particularly well- developed in groups of monkeys with a long history of captive housing. The proposed research aims at an investigation of 1) the relation between population density and the rate of aggressive behavior in well-established, provisioned rhesus monkey groups under a wide range of spatial conditions, and 2) the role of affiliative behavior in social adjustment to environmental conditions. For this purpose, rhesus monkeys will be observed in social groups housed in laboratory cages, in medium to large pens, and in spacious corrals at two Regional Primate Research Centers. These observations will be compared with those on Free-ranging, provisioned groups of the same species. Except for one experimental manipulation, the study will be of an observational nature. Subjects will be observed in the environment in which they have lived for many years, surrounded by familiar individuals. The social behavior of one individual at a time will be recorded on a portable computer during ten-minute intervals. Besides aggressive acts of various intensities, records will include the context of aggression, the direction and duration of affiliative behavior, and the probability of inter-opponent reunion following an aggressive incident. Over a 3 year period data will be collected on 42 adult males and 150 adult females. The proposed experiment consists of confining an entire monkey group for eight hours to a familiar space that is smaller than their normal enclosure. Such acute crowding is expected to have a greater effect on aggression than chronic crowding. The study is intended to illuminate some of the pros and cons of social housing; an important issue in the ongoing debate about laboratory animal well-being.

研究机构最近因其创伤而受到攻击 恒河猴（Macaca mulatta）。 战斗被归咎于拥挤的住房 状况。 然而，文献提出了一种更复杂的关系 空间与侵略之间。 自由放养寺庙的比较 加德满都的猴子、大畜栏里的猴子以及笼子里的猴子 人口密度相对较高，收益率平均在1.6之间 2.2 每个成年女性每小时进行的攻击行为。 此外 对于这种微小的变化，在最 拥挤的状况。 对于男性来说，差异更大， 自由放养种群中的攻击率最高。 非攻击性 行为也会受到空间条件的影响。 图案有哪些 拥挤情况下（例如梳理毛发）的增加可能有助于调节社会 紧张局势。 缓冲机制预计会特别好- 猴子群体发展起来，有着悠久的圈养历史。 拟议的研究旨在调查 1) 之间的关系 人口密度和攻击行为发生率 在广泛的空间条件下提供恒河猴群体， 2）亲和行为在社会适应中的作用 环境条件。 为此，恒河猴将 在实验室笼子里的社会群体中观察到，大中型 围栏中，以及两个地区灵长类研究中心宽敞的畜栏里。 这些观察结果将与自由放养、预配的观察结果进行比较 同一物种的群体。 除了一项实验操作外，该研究将是一项 观察性质。 受试者将在以下环境中被观察 他们已经生活了很多年，周围都是熟悉的人。 一次一个人的社交行为将被记录在 每隔十分钟一次使用便携式计算机。 除了攻击性行为外 各种强度，记录将包括侵略的背景， 亲和行为的方向和持续时间，以及发生的概率 侵略事件后对手之间的重聚。 3年多 将收集 42 名成年男性和 150 名成年女性的经期数据。 这 提议的实验包括将整个猴子群限制为八只 几个小时到一个比正常围栏小的熟悉的空间。 预计这种严重的拥挤对攻击性的影响比 长期拥挤。 该研究旨在阐明社交媒体的一些利弊 住房;关于实验动物的持续争论中的一个重要问题 福利。