HUMAN MOTOR LEARNING--ATTENTION, AWARENESS AND STRATEGY

人类运动学习——注意力、意识和策略

• 批准号: 2272331
• 负责人: SCOTT Thomas GRAFTON
• 金额: $ 3.77万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 1996-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2272331
• 关键词: attention; awareness; brain mapping; cognition; human subject; learning; limb movement; neural information processing; neural plasticity; positron emission tomography; psychological models; psychomotor function

DESCRIPTION (Investigator's Abstract): To perform skillful limb movements, we must be able to learn multiple motions in a specific temporal order. The cerebral substrates involved in acquiring temporally organized motor skills are not fully defined. The goal of this proposal is to localize changes of regional cerebral activity during normal motor learning of a sequential motor task. Brain mapping by imaging of cerebral blood flow using positron emission tomography (PET) will be use to identify the critical neural structures where these motor learning related changes occur. In humans, motor learning can occur with and without conscious involvement. Our broad hypothesis is that the brain is flexible in accessing different cerebral systems for motor learning, depending on behavioral modifiers as well as the temporal and kinematic complexity of a task. To test this, a highly reproducible motor learning paradigm will be used to systematically examine the functional contribution of cerebral areas implicated in motor learning. The paradigm is the serial reaction time task (SRT) in which the subjects learn specific motor sequences while pressing a keypad with their fingers. The task is kinematically simple, requiring only isolated finger movements. The learning paradigm is designed so that the effects of attention, awareness, cognitive strategy, and task complexity on motor learning can be determined. The following specific aims will be addressed. Differentiate perceptual and motoric components of motor sequence learning. Characterize the effect of attention on motor sequence learning. Identify the effect of awareness on motor sequence acquisition. On completion of these aims a comprehensive model of normal learning of temporally organized movements, based on both behavioral and functional imaging data, will be established. This biologically based learning model provides a powerful tool for determining how conscious strategies and behavioral conditions modify the localization of motor learning. This type of normal motor learning is one form of cerebral plasticity that can be used to understand adaption in response to disease. The results will be clinically relevant when the potential mechanisms underlying functional recovery after brain injury or degeneration are examined. Understanding the role of attention and awareness on motor learning will provide a first step in establishing a rational basis for the design of rehabilitation strategies directed at recovering motor function after focal brain injury.

描述（研究者摘要）：进行熟练的肢体 动作，我们必须能够在一个特定的学习多种运动 时间顺序参与时间获取的大脑基质 有组织的运动技能没有完全定义。这项提案的目的是 是定位正常运动过程中局部脑活动的变化， 学习顺序运动任务。脑成像 将使用正电子发射断层扫描（PET）脑血流 来识别关键的神经结构， 发生相关变化。 在人类中，运动学习可以在有意识和无意识的情况下发生， 参与。我们广泛的假设是，大脑在 进入不同的大脑系统进行运动学习，这取决于 行为修饰符以及时间和运动复杂性 一个任务。为了验证这一点，一个高度可重复的运动学习范例 将被用来系统地审查的职能贡献， 与运动学习有关的大脑区域。范例是连续的 反应时任务（SRT），其中受试者学习特定的运动 用手指按键盘时的序列。任务 运动学上简单，只需要孤立的手指运动。的 学习范式的设计，使注意力的影响， 意识、认知策略和任务复杂性对运动学习的影响 被确定。将处理以下具体目标。 区分运动序列的知觉和运动成分 学习 描述注意力对动作序列学习的影响。 识别意识对运动序列获取的影响。对 完成这些目标的正常学习的综合模式， 基于行为和功能的时间组织运动， 图像数据，将建立。这种基于生物学的学习 模型提供了一个强有力的工具来确定有意识的策略 和行为条件改变运动学习的定位。 这种正常的运动学习是大脑可塑性的一种形式 可以用来理解对疾病的适应。的 当潜在机制 脑损伤或变性后的潜在功能恢复是 考察理解注意力和意识在运动中的作用 学习将为建立合理的基础迈出第一步， 针对运动功能恢复的康复策略设计 局灶性脑损伤后的功能