Spatial and Temporal Scales of Motor Sequence Learning

运动序列学习的空间和时间尺度

• 批准号: 7942816
• 负责人: SCOTT Thomas GRAFTON
• 金额: $ 122.47万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA BARBARA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-06-15 至 2014-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7942816
• 关键词: Spatial; Temporal; Scales; Motor; Sequence

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This proposal is a collaborative effort by a team of five motor systems groups at five institutions seeking to probe the mechanisms that underlie the brain's capacity for learning a new motor skill. The common thread for all groups is to focus on changes that occur within the primary motor cortex as a new skill is acquired. Changes in motor cortex will be characterized in relationship to critical input areas including premotor and parietal cortex and the role of subcortical circuits in learning will also be modeled. Both immediate and long-lasting changes of motor cortex representation will be investigated using a synthesis of molecular, cellular, systems and computational level of analysis. Project 1: Dr. Peter Strick (at the University of Pittsburgh) will combine flavoprotein optical imaging and single unit recording in monkey to characterize changes of activity in premotor and motor cortex as animals learn sequential behavior. Flavoprotein imaging allows for long-term cortical mapping over at least two years time, making it possible to look at dynamic alterations of cortical neuronal activity throughout the training period. Project 2: Dr. Scott Grafton (at University of California, Santa Barbara) will use functional MRI and transcranial magnetic stimulation in humans to study the neural substrates for off-line consolidation of three types of newly acquired motor skills: sequencing, visuomotor and dynamic adaptation. The tasks are similar to those in the other projects allowing for translation between monkey and human studies. Project 3: Dr. Emilio Bizzi (at MIT) will collaborate with experts in nanotechnology and conducting polymers at MIT to develop a new type of electrode based on fine wires of conducting polymers. With this he will perform chronic recordings of primary motor neurons in primates learning to move in novel dynamics. Project 4: Dr. James Houk (at Northwestern University) and Dr. Andrew Barto (at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst) will develop computational models of learning that are integral to the other projects of this PPG. These models will be used to explore critical behavioral and representational issues. Core A: Support for program administration and videoconferencing to achieve PPG integration. In addition, the core will support 3 satellite conferences on motor learning and mechanisms of cortical reorganization that are relevant for translational research. These interrelated projects, focusing on single anatomical substrate and common set of learning behaviors, should provide an integration of methodologies across multiple levels of analysis that are far beyond those achievable if each project were pursued separately. The collaborative effort can be expected to significantly advance our knowledge about mechanisms that support motor cortex plasticity.

描述(由申请人提供)： 这项提议是一个由五个机构的五个运动系统小组组成的团队共同努力的结果，他们试图探索大脑学习一项新运动技能的能力背后的机制。所有小组的共同思路是，随着一项新技能的掌握，专注于初级运动皮质内发生的变化。运动皮质的变化将被描述为与关键输入区域的关系，包括运动前和顶叶皮质，皮质下回路在学习中的作用也将被建模。运动皮质表征的即时和长期变化将使用分子、细胞、系统和分析的计算水平的综合来研究。项目1：匹兹堡大学的Peter Strick博士将在猴子身上结合黄素蛋白光学成像和单单位记录，以表征动物学习顺序行为时运动前和运动皮质活动的变化。黄素蛋白成像可以在至少两年的时间内进行长期的皮质映射，从而可以观察整个训练期间皮质神经元活动的动态变化。项目2：Scott Grafton博士(加州大学圣巴巴拉分校)将在人体中使用功能磁共振成像和经颅磁刺激，研究脱机巩固三种新获得的运动技能的神经基质：排序、视觉运动和动态适应。这些任务类似于其他项目中的任务，允许在猴子和人类研究之间进行翻译。项目3：埃米利奥·比齐博士(麻省理工学院)将与麻省理工学院纳米技术和导电聚合物专家合作，开发一种基于导电聚合物细线的新型电极。在此基础上，他将对灵长类动物的初级运动神经元进行长期记录，这些神经元学习如何以新的动力学方式移动。项目4：詹姆斯·胡克博士(西北大学)和安德鲁·巴托博士(马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校)将开发学习的计算模型，这些模型是PPG其他项目不可或缺的。这些模型将用于探索关键的行为和代表性问题。核心A：支持项目管理和视频会议，实现PPG整合。此外，该核心将支持与翻译研究有关的3个关于运动学习和大脑皮层重组机制的卫星会议。这些相互关联的项目侧重于单一的解剖学基础和共同的一组学习行为，应该提供跨多个分析水平的方法学集成，远远超过每个项目单独追求时所能实现的方法。这一合作努力有望极大地促进我们对支持运动皮质可塑性的机制的了解。