EARLY OLFACTORY DEVELOPMENT

早期嗅觉发育

• 批准号: 2331281
• 负责人: PETER C BRUNJES
• 金额: $ 12.79万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-02-01 至 2000-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2331281
• 关键词: afferent nerve; denervation; developmental neurobiology; glia; infant animal; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurons; olfactory lobe; olfactory nerve; opossums; prosencephalon; telencephalon

The experiments proposed examine the development of the central relays in the olfactory system: the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus and primary olfactory cortex. The olfactory system has been chosen for several reasons: its function is quite important in young mammals and its clear laminar organization facilitates quantitative studies of early brain growth. The projects employ the gray, short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica. Monodelphis pups are born in a very immature state, and, as the species lacks a pouch, are quite accessible to early experimental manipulation. These features, coupled with the slow growth of the species, offer a mammalian preparation uniquely suited for examinations of early developmental interactions. Issues addressed include: A) How do glomeruli develop? Information is passed to the central nervous system in regions known as glomeruli, each of which are thought to receive specialized information about different aspects of stimuli. Therefore, the developmental segregation of inputs into glomeruli may organize information flow throughout the entire system. Data exists suggesting both peripheral and central factors are responsible for glomerular organization. We plan to test these ideas by examining sequences of development of both neurons and glia. B) What are the basic patterns of growth and maturation in the central olfactory projections? Surprisingly little is known about the development of cellular morphology for most of the major neuron classes in the olfactory system. We plan to examine the development of cell shape using several new techniques. C) How important is bulb development in the formation of higher order structures? The fact that the bulb is one of the most precocious regions of the forebrain to develop has been used to suggest that there is a "serial induction" in the system, with the periphery inducing the bulb and the bulb then acting to organize subsequent relays. We will test this notion by removing the olfactory' bulb during early life and examining the subsequent growth of the higher processing areas. D) How important is afferent activity in the formation of higher order structures? Early sensory manipulations have been demonstrated to have far-reaching effects on the development of the olfactory bulb. Monodelphis, due to its extreme immaturity at birth, offers an opportunity to examine the role of functional activation throughout the entire formative period of the system. Together, the studies will provide important information about normal processes of brain development and their control by both internal and external factors.

提出的实验检查了中央继电器的发展， 嗅觉系统：嗅球、前嗅核和 初级嗅觉皮层嗅觉系统已经被选择了几个 原因：它的功能在幼年哺乳动物中非常重要， 层状组织有助于早期脑的定量研究 增长该项目雇用了灰色，短尾负鼠Monodelphis 南极洲Monodelphis幼仔出生在一个非常不成熟的状态， 物种缺乏一个邮袋，是相当容易获得早期的实验 操纵这些特征，加上物种生长缓慢， 提供了一种哺乳动物的制备方法， 发展互动。讨论的问题包括：A）肾小球如何 发展？信息被传递到中枢神经系统的区域 被称为肾小球，每个肾小球被认为接受专门的 关于刺激的不同方面的信息。因此 输入到肾小球的发育分离可以组织 信息在整个系统中流动。有数据表明， 外周和中枢因素负责肾小球 organization.我们计划通过检查 神经元和神经胶质的发育。B）什么是基本模式 中央嗅觉投射的生长和成熟人惊讶 对于大多数人的细胞形态的发展知之甚少， 嗅觉系统中的主要神经元类别。我们计划研究 使用几种新技术开发细胞形状。C.有多重要 鳞茎的发育是在形成更高级结构的过程中吗？的事实 球是前脑最早熟的区域之一， 发展已被用来表明，有一个“系列感应”，在 系统，外围诱导灯泡，然后灯泡起作用， 组织后续的中继。我们将通过移除 嗅球在早期的生活和检查随后的增长， 更高的加工区域。D）传入活动在大脑中有多重要 形成更高级的结构？早期的感觉操纵 已被证明对发展具有深远的影响， 嗅球单脊鱼由于出生时极度不成熟， 提供了一个机会来研究功能激活的作用 在整个制度形成的过程中。统称 研究将提供有关大脑正常过程的重要信息， 发展及其受内部和外部因素的控制。