EARLY OLFACTORY DEVELOPMENT

早期嗅觉发育

• 批准号: 2654417
• 负责人: PETER C BRUNJES
• 金额: $ 13.3万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1996
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1996-02-01 至 2000-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2654417
• 关键词: afferent nerve; denervation; developmental neurobiology; glia; infant animal; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; neurons; olfactory lobe; olfactory nerve; opossums; prosencephalon; telencephalon

The experiments proposed examine the development of the central relays in the olfactory system: the olfactory bulb, anterior olfactory nucleus and primary olfactory cortex. The olfactory system has been chosen for several reasons: its function is quite important in young mammals and its clear laminar organization facilitates quantitative studies of early brain growth. The projects employ the gray, short-tailed opossum Monodelphis domestica. Monodelphis pups are born in a very immature state, and, as the species lacks a pouch, are quite accessible to early experimental manipulation. These features, coupled with the slow growth of the species, offer a mammalian preparation uniquely suited for examinations of early developmental interactions. Issues addressed include: A) How do glomeruli develop? Information is passed to the central nervous system in regions known as glomeruli, each of which are thought to receive specialized information about different aspects of stimuli. Therefore, the developmental segregation of inputs into glomeruli may organize information flow throughout the entire system. Data exists suggesting both peripheral and central factors are responsible for glomerular organization. We plan to test these ideas by examining sequences of development of both neurons and glia. B) What are the basic patterns of growth and maturation in the central olfactory projections? Surprisingly little is known about the development of cellular morphology for most of the major neuron classes in the olfactory system. We plan to examine the development of cell shape using several new techniques. C) How important is bulb development in the formation of higher order structures? The fact that the bulb is one of the most precocious regions of the forebrain to develop has been used to suggest that there is a "serial induction" in the system, with the periphery inducing the bulb and the bulb then acting to organize subsequent relays. We will test this notion by removing the olfactory' bulb during early life and examining the subsequent growth of the higher processing areas. D) How important is afferent activity in the formation of higher order structures? Early sensory manipulations have been demonstrated to have far-reaching effects on the development of the olfactory bulb. Monodelphis, due to its extreme immaturity at birth, offers an opportunity to examine the role of functional activation throughout the entire formative period of the system. Together, the studies will provide important information about normal processes of brain development and their control by both internal and external factors.

提出的实验考察了#年中央继电器的发展 嗅觉系统：嗅球、前嗅核和 初级嗅觉皮质。嗅觉系统已经被选择了几个 原因：它在幼年哺乳动物中的功能相当重要，而且它的明确 层状组织有助于早期脑的定量研究 成长。这些项目使用了灰色短尾负鼠Monodelphis 家属品。Monodelphis幼崽出生在非常不成熟的状态，作为 物种没有袋子，很容易进行早期实验 操纵。这些特征，再加上物种的缓慢生长， 提供一种独特的适合早期检查的哺乳动物制剂 发育相互作用。解决的问题包括：a)肾小球如何 显影？信息在不同的区域传递给中枢神经系统 被称为肾小球，每个肾小球都被认为是 关于刺激的不同方面的信息。因此， 肾小球输入的发育隔离可能会组织 信息在整个系统中流动。存在的数据表明两者都有 外周和中枢因素对肾小球的形成起作用 组织。我们计划通过检查以下序列来测试这些想法 神经元和神经胶质细胞的发育。B)基本模式是什么？ 中央嗅觉投射的生长和成熟？令人惊讶的是 对于大多数细胞形态的发展，我们知之甚少。 嗅觉系统中的主要神经元类别。我们计划研究 使用几种新技术开发细胞形状。C)有多重要 鳞茎的发育是在形成更高级别的结构中吗？事实是 球是前脑中最早熟的区域之一 开发已经被用来暗示，在 系统，外围感应灯泡和灯泡，然后作用于 组织后续的接力。我们将通过删除 早期生活中的嗅球，并检查随后的生长 加工区越高。D)传入活动在欧洲有多重要 高阶结构的形成？早期的感官操控 已经证明对中国的发展具有深远的影响 嗅球。Monodelphis，由于它在出生时非常不成熟， 提供了一个研究功能激活的作用的机会 贯穿整个制度的形成时期。团结在一起， 研究将提供有关大脑正常过程的重要信息 发展及其内外部因素的控制。