DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW PSYCHOMETRIC INSTRUMENT FOR ASSESSING DRUG CRAVINGS

成瘾药物最普遍的影响之一，但最不好的 学习过的，是对毒品的渴望。甚至还没有一个经过验证的 心理测量工具，用于评估对放贷的渴望 自身对治疗药物系统发展的贡献 渴望。成瘾研究中心目前正在开发这样的 可卡因、海洛因、酒精和其他滥用药物的仪器。 这项研究应该有助于我们确定成瘾作用的机制。 这些药物在所有药物类别中都是常见的，因此导致更好的 对毒品渴望背后的机制的理解。我们的 初步研究结果表明，对可卡因的渴求是多维的 构建，包括欲望和欲望的混合物，使用的意图， 失去对使用的控制，对积极结果的预期。一种类似的 在受试者的回答中发现了多维结构 用海洛因仪器进行了评估。160名受试者 完成了新的酒精渴求问卷。该项目已修改 1993年6月，包括对渴望和精神运动/认知的测量 门诊研究志愿者和住院研究志愿者的测试 单位作为二次研究来考察毒品之间的关系 渴望和人类的表现。大麻渴求问卷是 正在开发中，将于1995财年进行管理。浅谈计算机的实用性 将对系列的管理进行评估，以提高效率 测试的结果。最后，对研究的概括性进行了扩展 调查种族和文化因素，标准西班牙语版本 还编制了可卡因渴求问卷和手册。 这些在仪器开发方面的进展和对 对欲望的渴望应该能够使生产能力得到更快的进步 更有选择性和更有效的药物和其他干预措施 满足吸毒成瘾者的需求。有了这些仪器，我们 应该能够预测哪些渴望维度可能会得到缓解 这些药物需要其他干预才能使 实现并维持戒毒的人。

Among the most ubiquitous effects of addictive drugs, but the least well studied, is drug craving. There has not even existed a validated psychometric instrument for the evaluation of craving that would lend itself to the systematic development of medications for treating drug craving. The Addiction Research Center is presently developing such instrumentation for cocaine, heroin, alcohol, and other drugs of abuse. This research should help us to identify mechanisms of addictive action which are common across drug classes and therefore lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms which underlie the drug cravings. Our initial findings indicated that cocaine craving is a multidimensional construct, involving an admixture of urges and desire, intent to use, loss of control over use, and anticipation of positive outcome. A similar multidimensional structure was found among responses from subjects evaluated using the heroin instrument. One hundred sixty subjects have completed the new Alcohol Craving Questionnaire. The project was modified in June 1993 to include measurement of craving and psychomotor/cognitive testing for outpatient research volunteers and those on the residential unit as a secondary study to examine the relationship between drug cravings and human performance. The Marijuana Craving Questionnaire is under development for administration in FY 1995. The utility of computer administration of the series will be assessed to improve the efficiency of testing. Finally, to extend the generality of the research and investigate ethnic and cultural factors, a Standard Spanish version of the Cocaine Craving Questionnaires and Manual has also been developed. These advances in instrument development and the enhanced understanding of craving should enable more rapid progress in the ability to produce more selective and efficacious medications and other interventions to meet the needs of those addicted to drugs. With these instruments we should be able to predict which craving dimensions may be relieved by medications and which will require other intervention to enable the person to achieve and sustain drug abstinence.