INHIBITORY CONTROL IN HEALTHY AGING AND SENILE DEMENTIA OF THE ALZHEIMER'S TYPE

健康老龄化和阿尔茨海默型老年痴呆症的抑制控制

• 批准号: 6233963
• 负责人: David A Balota
• 金额: $ 19.15万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-01-01 至 1997-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6233963
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; aging; attention; cognition; computational neuroscience; dementia; disease /disorder model; human old age (65+); human subject; memory; neural information processing; schizophrenia; semantics

Senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) is becoming one of the most devasting health problems facing society. In the initial stages of the disease, individuals experience some memory impairment followed later by widespread breakdown in most cognitive functions. In addition, although the deficits are not as severe and progressive, there is also evidence of cognitive breakdowns in healthy aged individuals. The goal of the present proposal is to examine a cognitive mechanism which may underlie the deficits exhibited in both healthy aged and in SDAT individuals, and to begin to develop a formal model which can account for these deficits. The specific target mechanism addressed in this proposal is the ability to inhibit partially activated and competitive information. Recent work from our lab (P01AG03991, Project 3) indicates that healthy aged individuals and to a greater extent SDAT individuals exhibit a breakdown in inhibitory aged individuals and to a greater extent SDAT individuals exhibit a breakdown in inhibitory control across a number of experimental paradigms. In the first series of proposed experiments (Experiments 1-7, Series I), the efficiency of inhibitory processes in healthy aging and SDAT will be examined at a number of distinct levels within the information processing system: perception, memory retrieval, lexical disambiguation, and sentence comprehension. In addition, these experiments will involve manipulations that will allow one to track changes in the time course of inhibitory processes across our subjects groups. The second series of experiments (Experiments 1-4, Series II) will extend to healthy aged and SDAT individuals a set of formal connectionist models that were developed by Cohen and Servan-Schreiber (1992) to account for breakdowns in the efficiency of inhibitory processes in schizophrenic individuals and also to simulate dopaminergic breakdowns in the prefrontal cortex. The proposed experiments will provide an empirical base for formally modelling cognitive changes that occur in healthy aged and SDAT individuals, and also provide a unique opportunity to compare changes in the specific model parameters that are necessary to account for changes in cognitive performance across three distinct populations (schizophrenic, healthy aged, and SDAT individuals). Hence, in collaboration with J. Cohen and D. Servan-Schreiber we intend to use a three-pronged attack utilizing basic cognitive theory, formal connectionist modelling, and neurological evidence to better understand the cognitive changes that are associated with healthy aging and Alzheimer's Disease.

阿尔茨海默型老年痴呆症 (SDAT) 正在成为最常见的疾病之一 社会面临的破坏性健康问题。 在最初阶段 疾病后，个体会经历一些记忆障碍，随后 大多数认知功能普遍崩溃。 另外，虽然 赤字并不那么严重和渐进，也有证据表明 健康老年人的认知障碍。 的目标 目前的建议是研究一种认知机制，该机制可能是 健康老年人和 SDAT 个体均表现出缺陷，并且 开始开发一个可以解释这些缺陷的正式模型。 本提案提出的具体目标机制是能力 抑制部分激活和竞争信息。 最近的工作 我们的实验室（P01AG03991，项目 3）表明健康的老年人 个体以及更大程度上 SDAT 个体表现出崩溃 存在于抑制性老年个体中，并且在更大程度上存在于 SDAT 个体中 在许多实验中表现出抑制控制的崩溃 范式。 在第一系列提议的实验中（实验 1-7， 系列 I），健康衰老和抑制过程的效率 SDAT 将在多个不同级别上接受审查 信息处理系统：感知、记忆检索、词汇 歧义消除和句子理解。 此外，这些 实验将涉及允许人们追踪的操作 我们受试者的抑制过程的时间进程的变化 组。 第二系列实验（实验1-4，系列II） 将向健康老年人和 SDAT 个人提供一套正式的 由 Cohen 和 Servan-Schreiber 开发的联结主义模型 （1992）解释抑制效率的崩溃 精神分裂症患者的过程以及模拟多巴胺能 前额皮质的故障。 拟议的实验将 为正式建模认知变化提供经验基础 发生在健康老年人和 SDAT 个体中，并且还提供了独特的 有机会比较特定模型参数的变化 有必要考虑三个方面的认知表现变化 不同的人群（精神分裂症患者、健康老年人和 SDAT 个体）。 因此，与 J. Cohen 和 D. Servan-Schreiber 合作，我们打算 利用基本认知理论、形式化方法进行三管齐下的攻击 联结主义模型和神经学证据以更好地理解 与健康老龄化相关的认知变化 阿尔茨海默病。