AUTOMATIC AND ATTENTIONAL MECHANISMS AND SDAT

自动注意力机制和 SDAT

• 批准号: 3122150
• 负责人: David A Balota
• 金额: $ 9.42万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1992
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1992-06-01 至 1994-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3122150
• 关键词: Alzheimer's disease; attention; behavior test; cognition disorders; computer human interaction; cues; dementia; human old age (65+); human subject; interview; judgment; memory disorders; neural information processing; perception disorder; performance; semantics; stimulus /response; young adult human (21-34)

As the elderly population increases, senile dementia of the Alzheimer type (SDAT) is becoming one of the most devastating health problems facing society. Early in SDAT, individuals primarily produce memory deficits, however, these deficits are typically followed by widespread breakdowns in cognitive performance. The widespread involvement of cognitive processes in Alzheimer's disease suggests that there may be fundamental cognitive mechanisms involved in the progression of the disease. The goal of the present proposal is to continue our pursuit for such a fundamental mechanism. Specifically, the proposed studies all address the notion that SDAT individuals have difficulty inhibiting irrelevant information at different stages within the information processing system. Such a failure to inhibit the processing the irrelevant information has recently gained considerable attention in research addressing infants, children, and young and older adults. Recent evidence indicates that a breakdown in one's ability to inhibit irrelevant information can influence processes involved in perception, memory, comprehension, and even syntactic parsing. Furthermore, recent work completed in our lab (supported by Grant R01 AG03991) indicates that SDAT individuals fail to inhibit unbiased meanings of ambiguous words, and also fail to inhibit noncued locations in visual attentional tasks. In addition to providing information regarding failure to inhibit irrelevant information in SDAT individuals, the present work will also provide further information regarding the notion that healthy aged individuals produce some breakdown in their ability to inhibit irrelevant information. Each experiment will involve four groups of subjects (healthy young adults, healthy older adults, questionably demented individuals, and mildly demented individuals). The first experiments will address the phenomenon referred to as inhibition of return in a visual spatial processing task. The second experiment will address the negative impact of earlier ignored irrelevant information when it subsequently becomes relevant. Experiments 3 to 7 address processes involved in selecting meaning for ambiguous words in simple naming, word association, and in a relatedness judgement task. Each experiment will also include manipulations of stimulus onset asynchrony to track the time-course of inhibitory operations across the four groups of subjects. All experiments involve either simple key presses or vocal responses, and the resulting response latencies and error rates will be used to index underlying cognitive operations.

随着老年人口的增加，老年性痴呆的阿尔茨海默病 类型(SDAT)正在成为最具破坏性的健康问题之一 面向社会。在SDAT的早期，个体主要产生记忆 然而，在这些赤字之后，通常会出现广泛的 认知能力的下降。他们的广泛参与 阿尔茨海默病的认知过程表明，可能存在 认知发展过程中的基本认知机制 疾病。本提案的目标是继续追求 这样一个基本的机制。具体地说，拟议的所有研究都 解决SDAT个体难以抑制的概念 信息中不同阶段的不相关信息 处理系统。这种没有抑制处理的失败 无关的信息最近受到了相当大的关注 针对婴儿、儿童、年轻人和老年人的研究。 最近的证据表明，一个人抑制能力的崩溃 不相关的信息可以影响与感知有关的过程， 记忆、理解，甚至句法分析。此外，最近 我们实验室完成的工作(由Grant R01 AG03991支持)表明 SDAT个人未能抑制歧义的公正含义 词汇，也不能抑制视觉注意中的非线索位置 任务。除了提供关于未能抑制的信息之外 与SDAT个人无关的信息，目前的工作也将 提供关于健康老年人的概念的进一步信息 个体的抑制能力会出现一些崩溃 不相关的信息。每个实验将涉及四组 受试者(有问题的是健康的年轻人，健康的老年人 精神错乱的人和轻度精神错乱的人)。第一 实验将解决被称为抑制的现象 在视觉空间处理任务中返回。第二个实验将 解决早先被忽视的无关信息的负面影响 当它随后变得相关时。实验3至7地址 简体句中歧义词的词义选择过程 命名、单词联想和关联性判断任务。每个人 实验还将包括刺激开始时的异步性操作 来跟踪四种类型的抑制性操作的时间进程 受试者分组。所有的实验不是简单的按键就是 声音响应，以及由此产生的响应延迟和错误率 将用于索引潜在的认知操作。

项目成果

Explorations of Cohen, Dunbar, and McClelland's (1990) connectionist model of Stroop performance.

对科恩、邓巴和麦克莱兰 (1990) 斯特鲁普表演联结主义模型的探索。

• DOI: 10.1037/0033-295x.105.1.174
• 发表时间: 1998
• 期刊: Psychological review
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: Kanne,SM;Balota,DA;Spieler,DH;Faust,ME
• 通讯作者: Faust,ME

Word frequency, repetition, and lexicality effects in word recognition tasks: beyond measures of central tendency.

• DOI: 10.1037//0096-3445.128.1.32
• 发表时间: 1999-03
• 期刊: Journal of experimental psychology. General
• 作者: D. Balota;Daniel H. Spieler

Summation of activation: evidence from multiple primes that converge and diverge within semantic memory.

• DOI: 10.1037//0278-7393.22.4.827
• 发表时间: 1996-07
• 期刊: Journal of experimental psychology. Learning, memory, and cognition
• 作者: D. Balota;S. T. Paul

Exploring semantic memory by investigating buildup and release of proactive interference in healthy older adults and individuals with dementia of the Alzheimer type.

通过研究健康老年人和阿尔茨海默型痴呆症患者主动干扰的积累和释放来探索语义记忆。

• DOI: 10.1017/s1355617703960024
• 发表时间: 2003
• 期刊: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society : JINS
• 作者: Multhaup,KristiS;Balota,DavidA;Faust,MarkE
• 通讯作者: Faust,MarkE

Phonological blocking during picture naming in dementia of the Alzheimer type.

阿尔茨海默型痴呆症图片命名过程中的语音阻塞。

• DOI: 10.1037/0894-4105.18.3.526
• 发表时间: 2004
• 期刊: Neuropsychology.
• 作者: Faust,MarkE;Balota,DavidA;Multhaup,KristiS
• 通讯作者: Multhaup,KristiS