HUMAN MOTOR LEARNING--ATTENTION, AWARENESS AND STRATEGY

人类运动学习——注意力、意识和策略

• 批准号: 2519963
• 负责人: SCOTT Thomas GRAFTON
• 金额: $ 22.15万
• 依托单位: EMORY UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1995
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1995-09-01 至 1998-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2519963
• 关键词: attention; awareness; behavioral /social science research tag; brain mapping; cognition; human subject; learning; limb movement; neural information processing; neural plasticity; positron emission tomography; psychological models; psychomotor function

DESCRIPTION (Investigator's Abstract): To perform skillful limb movements, we must be able to learn multiple motions in a specific temporal order. The cerebral substrates involved in acquiring temporally organized motor skills are not fully defined. The goal of this proposal is to localize changes of regional cerebral activity during normal motor learning of a sequential motor task. Brain mapping by imaging of cerebral blood flow using positron emission tomography (PET) will be use to identify the critical neural structures where these motor learning related changes occur. In humans, motor learning can occur with and without conscious involvement. Our broad hypothesis is that the brain is flexible in accessing different cerebral systems for motor learning, depending on behavioral modifiers as well as the temporal and kinematic complexity of a task. To test this, a highly reproducible motor learning paradigm will be used to systematically examine the functional contribution of cerebral areas implicated in motor learning. The paradigm is the serial reaction time task (SRT) in which the subjects learn specific motor sequences while pressing a keypad with their fingers. The task is kinematically simple, requiring only isolated finger movements. The learning paradigm is designed so that the effects of attention, awareness, cognitive strategy, and task complexity on motor learning can be determined. The following specific aims will be addressed. Differentiate perceptual and motoric components of motor sequence learning. Characterize the effect of attention on motor sequence learning. Identify the effect of awareness on motor sequence acquisition. On completion of these aims a comprehensive model of normal learning of temporally organized movements, based on both behavioral and functional imaging data, will be established. This biologically based learning model provides a powerful tool for determining how conscious strategies and behavioral conditions modify the localization of motor learning. This type of normal motor learning is one form of cerebral plasticity that can be used to understand adaption in response to disease. The results will be clinically relevant when the potential mechanisms underlying functional recovery after brain injury or degeneration are examined. Understanding the role of attention and awareness on motor learning will provide a first step in establishing a rational basis for the design of rehabilitation strategies directed at recovering motor function after focal brain injury.

描述(调查者摘要)：执行熟练的肢体动作 动作，我们必须能够在一个特定的动作中学习多个动作 时间顺序。与暂时性习得有关的大脑底物 有组织的运动技能没有得到充分的定义。这项提案的目标是 定位正常运动时局部脑活动的变化 学习顺序运动任务。脑电地形图 将使用使用正电子发射断层扫描(PET)的脑血流 以确定关键的神经结构，在那里这些运动学习 相关的变化就会发生。 在人类中，运动学习可以发生在有意识和无意识的情况下。 参与其中。我们的广泛假设是，大脑在 进入不同的大脑系统进行运动学习，这取决于 行为修饰语以及时间和运动学的复杂性 完成一项任务。为了测试这一点，一种高度可重复性的运动学习范式 将被用来系统地研究 与运动学习有关的大脑区域。这个范例就是序列 被试学习特定动作的反应时任务(SRT) 用手指按下小键盘时的顺序。我们的任务是 运动学上很简单，只需要单独的手指动作。这个 学习范式的设计是为了让注意力的效果， 意识、认知策略和任务复杂性对运动学习的影响 要下定决心。将实现以下具体目标。 区分运动序列的知觉成分和运动成分 学习。 描述注意对运动序列学习的影响。 确定意识对运动序列获取的影响。在……上面 这些目标的实现是一种全面的常态学习模式 基于行为和功能的临时组织的运动 成像数据，将被建立。这种基于生物学的学习 模型为确定有意识的策略提供了一个强大的工具 行为条件改变了运动学习的局部化。 这种正常的运动学习是大脑可塑性的一种形式。 这可以用来理解对疾病的适应。这个 当潜在的机制出现时，结果将具有临床意义 脑损伤或变性后潜在的功能恢复是 检查过了。理解注意力和意识对运动的作用 学习将为建立合理的基础提供第一步 针对运动功能恢复的康复策略设计 局灶性脑损伤后的功能。