NEURAL REPRESENTATION OF ACOUSTIC ELEMENTS OF SPEECH

语音声学元素的神经表征

• 批准号: 2683915
• 负责人: NINA KRAUS
• 金额: $ 24.66万
• 依托单位: NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1993
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1993-07-01 至 2002-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2683915
• 关键词: academic achievement; adolescence (12-20); attention deficit disorder; auditory cortex; auditory pathways; auditory stimulus; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical research; evoked potentials; guinea pigs; hearing disorders; human subject; learning; learning disorders; middle childhood (6-11); neural information processing; neuropharmacology; neuropsychological tests; psychoacoustics; speech disorders; speech recognition; thalamus

Auditory learning disabilities and attention deficit disorders are among the most common disorders found in children. Recent estimates are that 5-9 percent of school-age children in the United States have learning disabilities and that an additional 3-5 percent of school-age children have been diagnosed with an attention deficit disorder. The focus of this multi-year project is to examine the hypothesis that an inability to process certain basic acoustic parameters of speech is a significant contributing factor to learning and attention problems in these children. Behavioral and electrophysiologic techniques will be used to investigate psychophysical abilities and to delineate the underlying central auditory neural representation of acoustic elements of speech. At the same time, neurophysiologic responses to the same acoustic elements will be examined in an animal model, which is important because the surface-recorded neurophysiologic responses measured in human subjects cannot be traced directly to their anatomical sources. The ultimate goal of this project is to understand the neurophysiologic bases of speech perception in normal and impaired children, and to develop improved diagnostic and rehabilitative methods of the management of individuals with auditory learning disabilities. Specifically, it is known that some acoustic speech cues are better perceived than others, particularly by children with auditory-based learning disabilities. This project will look at the behavioral discrimination of rapidly changing spectro-temporal cues, which appear to be especially difficult for impaired children to hear. At the same time, neurophysiologic responses elicited by those same important acoustic cues will be measured. Then these neurophysiologic measures will be related to listening, learning, and academic achievement in normal and impaired children. For potential clinical use, techniques will be developed for measurment and objective analysis of neurophysiologic responses in individual subjects. Concurrently, an animal model will serve to determine the neurophysiologic encoding of the acoustic speech parameters under investigation along the auditory thalamo-cortical pathway, thereby providing an indicator of the pathology that may underlie certain auditory learning disabilities. Specifically, this project will (1) characterize evoked potentials recorded from several locations (epidural surface, primary and non-primary regions of the auditory thalamus and cortex) to the experimental acoustic elements, (2) investigate the contribution of each thalamo-cortical region to the aggregate response by observing the effects of pharmacologic inactivation of specific anatomical regions, and (3) compare the responses in each region to right and left ear stimulation.

听觉学习障碍和注意力缺陷障碍都在其中 儿童中发现的最常见的疾病。最近的估计是 美国5%-9%的学龄儿童有 学习障碍和另外3%-5%的学龄儿童 儿童被诊断出患有注意力缺陷障碍。这个 这个多年项目的重点是检验这样一个假设： 无法处理语音的某些基本声学参数是一种 学习和注意力问题的重要因素 这些孩子。行为和电生理技术将是 用来研究心理物理能力和描绘 声学要素的潜在中枢听神经表示 说话的方式。同时，对相同药物的神经生理学反应 声学元素将在动物模型中进行检查，这是 重要的是因为表面记录的神经生理反应 在人类受试者身上的测量不能直接追溯到他们的 解剖学来源。这个项目的最终目标是了解 正常人和正常人言语知觉的神经生理学基础 并开发更好的诊断和治疗方法 听力障碍患者管理的康复方法 学习障碍。 具体地说，已知某些声学语音提示更好 比其他人更能感知，尤其是以听觉为基础的儿童 学习障碍。本项目将着眼于行为 对出现的快速变化的光谱-时间线索的识别 对有障碍的儿童来说尤其难以听到。同时 时间，神经生理反应，由同样重要的 将测量声学提示。然后这些神经生理学措施 将与听力、学习和学业成绩有关 正常儿童和受损儿童。对于潜在的临床应用，技术 将被开发用于测量和客观分析 个体受试者的神经生理反应。 同时，动物模型将用来确定 声学语音参数的神经生理学编码 沿着听觉丘脑-皮质通路进行研究，从而 提供了一种病理指标，可能是某些 听觉学习障碍。具体地说，这个项目将(1) 从多个位置记录的诱发电位的特征 (硬膜外表面、听觉的初级和非初级区域 丘脑和大脑皮层)至实验声学元件，(2) 研究各丘脑皮质区域对脑电活动的影响 通过观察药理作用的综合反应 特定解剖区域的失活，以及(3)比较 每个区域对右耳和左耳刺激的反应。