TRANSFER OF ORGANELLE GENES TO THE NUCLEUS

细胞器基因转移至细胞核

• 批准号: 2838513
• 负责人: JEFFREY D PALMER
• 金额: $ 28.52万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1989
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1989-09-01 至 2000-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/2838513
• 关键词: Arabidopsis; Chlorophyta; DNA directed RNA polymerase; angiosperms; biochemical evolution; cell nucleus; chloroplasts; cytochrome oxidase; cytogenetics; developmental genetics; gene expression; gene mutation; genetic transcription; genome; mitochondria; mitochondrial DNA; molecular cloning; nucleic acid hybridization; nucleic acid sequence; organelles; plant genetics; plant morphology; polymerase chain reaction; protein structure function

The study of organelle genes and genomes is essential to our understanding of eukaryotic cellular and molecular biology. The proper functioning of organelles in all eukaryotic cells involves a precise cooperation between nuclear and organellar genetic systems. Defects in this functioning have direct consequences for human health, as is evident from the recent explosion of reports on mitochondrially inherited diseases. This proposal addresses two fundamental questions in the genetic coevolution of the eukaryotic cell: l) How are organelle genes functionally transferred to the nucleus and what are the consequences of these genetic relocations? 2) To what extent can organelle mutation rates change radically, either across the whole genome or for a specific set of genes, and what are the underlying causes and consequences of this change? First, several cases of recent gene transfer will be explored in order to l) fully develop the coxII transfer as a paradigmatic case of "gene transfer caught in the act", i.e., the elaboration of a transcompartmental gene-family that is actively sorting out gene function between the mitochondrion and the nucleus; 2) determine whether gene transfer or gene substitution events have occurred across all three genetic compartments for the ribosomal protein gene rps7; 3) determine whether chloroplast genes are transferred to the nucleus via RNA intermediates; 4) test the hypothesis that nuclear spliceosomal introns can evolve from organelle-derived group II introns; and 5) determine whether the mitochondrial genome is fundamentally dispensable or required, perhaps because it encodes two key, unimportable respiratory proteins. Second, we will accurately measure the extraordinary elevation in mutation rate of the mitochondrial genome in Pelargonium, determine whether its lack of RNA editing reflects wholesale genome retroprocessing, and investigate a possible mechanistic link between these two features. We will also document the full extent of the highly accelerated evolution that is specific to the four chloroplast genes encoding RNA polymerase, as well as search for associated changes in chloroplast promoter and RNA polymerase usage.

细胞器基因和基因组的研究对我们的 了解真核细胞和分子生物学。这个 所有真核细胞中细胞器的正常功能涉及 核遗传系统和细胞器遗传系统之间的精确合作。 这一功能的缺陷对人类有直接的后果 健康，从最近关于 线粒体遗传病。这项提案涉及两个问题 真核生物遗传共同进化中的基本问题 细胞：L)细胞器基因是如何在功能上转移到 细胞核以及这些基因重新定位的后果是什么？ 2)细胞器突变率能发生多大程度的根本性变化， 或者是整个基因组，或者是一组特定的基因，以及 这一变化的根本原因和后果是什么？ 首先，我们将按顺序探讨几个最近的基因转移案例。 L)充分发展髋关节移植作为一个典范案例 行为中的转移“，即对一个 正在积极整理基因的跨隔室基因家族 线粒体和细胞核之间的功能；2)确定 是否发生了基因转移或基因替代事件 跨越核糖体蛋白基因的所有三个遗传区段 Rps；3)确定叶绿体基因是否转移到 核通过RNA中间体；4)检验核的假设 剪接体内含子可以从细胞器衍生的第II类进化而来 以及5)确定线粒体基因组是否 从根本上是可有可无的或必需的，也许是因为它编码了 两种关键的、不可进口的呼吸蛋白。 第二，我们将准确测量北京的非凡海拔 天葵线粒体基因组的突变率， 确定其缺乏RNA编辑是否反映了大规模基因组 回溯处理，并调查两者之间可能的机械联系 这两个特点。我们还将全面记录 四种叶绿体特有的高度加速的进化 编码RNA聚合酶的基因，以及寻找与之相关的 叶绿体启动子和RNA聚合酶使用的变化。