CONDITIONED RESPONSE TIMING AND INTEGRATION

描述（改编自申请人摘要）： 学习和记忆的神经生物学是单个神经元 整合来自多个来源实时信息。 预测 萨顿和巴托1990年的时间导数（TD）巴甫洛夫学习模型 将在行为和单单位记录研究中进行测试， 小脑，以条件性眨眼反应为模型 系统 因为它的参数特征和神经基质已经 在人类和其他动物中， 物种已被应用于几个健康相关的问题领域，包括 衰老、大脑功能、发育、药物滥用和毒理学。 越来越 来自各种方法的大量证据表明， 小脑对条件性眨眼的学习和表现至关重要 应答 目的是确定是否单一的放电模式 小脑中的神经元能够代表时间， 家兔经典条件性眨眼反应的振幅 在需要实时整合以下信息的范例方面接受培训： 无条件刺激（US）的时间和可能性。 调节 响应通常预期美国的时间，但峰值振幅 对应于美国的时间轨迹。 训练 两个条件刺激（CS）-US间期，其从一个随机变化 训练试验到下一个，一个范式称为时间不确定性，产生 双峰响应地形图。 因为它们反映了我们的两个期望 定时，这种双峰响应表示时间整合。 其他 需要这种处理的范例包括阻塞， 二阶条件反射、条件抑制和其他。 研究 计划有三个组成部分。 (1)TD模型的行为测试， 条件反应地形图;（2）微电极记录，从单 动物达到稳定（渐近）后的小脑神经元 反应模式;（3）小脑的发展和评估 实施TD模式。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): A central question in the neurobiology of learning and memory is the extent to which single neurons integrate real-time information from multiple sources. Predictions of Sutton and Barto's 1990 Time Derivative (TD) model of Pavlovian learning will be tested in behavioral and single-unit recording studies of the cerebellum, using the conditioned rabbit eyeblink response as a model system. Because its parametric features and neural substrates have been well characterized, classical eyeblink conditioning in humans and other species has been applied to several health related problem-areas, including aging, brain function, development, drug abuse, and toxicology. A growing body of evidence from a variety of methodologies suggests that the cerebellum is essential for learning and performance of conditioned eyeblink responses. The aim is to determine whether the firing patterns of single neurons in the cerebellum are capable of representing the timing and amplitude of classically conditioned eyeblink responses among rabbits trained in paradigms requiring real-time integration of information about the timing and likelihood of the unconditioned stimuli (US). Conditioned responses typically anticipate the timing of the US, but the peak amplitude of the response corresponds to the temporal locus of the US. Training with two conditioned stimulus (CS)-US intervals, which vary randomly from one training trial to the next, a paradigm called temporal uncertainty, produces bimodal response topographies. Because they reflect two expectations of US timing, such bimodal responses express temporal integration. Other paradigms that require this sort of processing include blocking, second-order conditioning, conditioned inhibition, and others. The research plan has three components. (1) behavioral tests of the TD model regarding conditioned response topography; (2) micro-electrode recording from single neurons of the cerebellum after animals have achieved stable (asymptotic) modes of responding; (3) development and evaluation of a cerebellar implementation of the TD model.