CONDITIONED RESPONSE TIMING AND INTEGRATION

描述(改编自申请人的摘要)： 学习和记忆的神经生物学是指单个神经元 集成来自多个来源的实时信息。预测 Sutton和Barto 1990年的巴甫洛夫学习时间导数(TD)模型 将在行为和单单元记录研究中进行测试 小脑，以兔的条件性眨眼反应为模型 系统。因为它的参数特征和神经基础已经 人类和其他人的典型眨眼条件反射 物种已被应用于几个与健康有关的问题领域，包括 衰老、脑功能、发育、药物滥用和毒理学。一个不断增长的 来自各种方法学的大量证据表明， 小脑对条件性眨眼的学习和表现是必不可少的 回应。其目的是确定单次发射模式是否 小脑中的神经元能够代表时间和 兔的经典条件眨眼反应的波幅 在需要实时集成关于以下方面的信息的范例中进行培训 无条件刺激的时机和可能性(美国)。条件性的 响应通常预测美国的时间，但峰值幅度 的响应与美国的时间轨迹相对应。通过以下方式培训 两个条件刺激(CS)-US间隔，从一个随机变化 训练试验到下一次，一种称为时间不确定性的范式，产生 双峰响应地形图。因为它们反映了对美国的两个期望 在时间上，这样的双峰响应表示时间整合。其他 需要这种处理的范例包括阻塞， 二阶条件反射、条件性抑制等。这项研究 计划有三个组成部分。(1)TD模型的行为测试 条件响应拓扑学；(2)单电极记录 动物达到稳定(渐近)后的小脑神经元 反应方式；(3)小脑的发育和评价 TD模式的实施。

DESCRIPTION (Adapted from applicant's abstract): A central question in the neurobiology of learning and memory is the extent to which single neurons integrate real-time information from multiple sources. Predictions of Sutton and Barto's 1990 Time Derivative (TD) model of Pavlovian learning will be tested in behavioral and single-unit recording studies of the cerebellum, using the conditioned rabbit eyeblink response as a model system. Because its parametric features and neural substrates have been well characterized, classical eyeblink conditioning in humans and other species has been applied to several health related problem-areas, including aging, brain function, development, drug abuse, and toxicology. A growing body of evidence from a variety of methodologies suggests that the cerebellum is essential for learning and performance of conditioned eyeblink responses. The aim is to determine whether the firing patterns of single neurons in the cerebellum are capable of representing the timing and amplitude of classically conditioned eyeblink responses among rabbits trained in paradigms requiring real-time integration of information about the timing and likelihood of the unconditioned stimuli (US). Conditioned responses typically anticipate the timing of the US, but the peak amplitude of the response corresponds to the temporal locus of the US. Training with two conditioned stimulus (CS)-US intervals, which vary randomly from one training trial to the next, a paradigm called temporal uncertainty, produces bimodal response topographies. Because they reflect two expectations of US timing, such bimodal responses express temporal integration. Other paradigms that require this sort of processing include blocking, second-order conditioning, conditioned inhibition, and others. The research plan has three components. (1) behavioral tests of the TD model regarding conditioned response topography; (2) micro-electrode recording from single neurons of the cerebellum after animals have achieved stable (asymptotic) modes of responding; (3) development and evaluation of a cerebellar implementation of the TD model.