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Narratives of science and practice in mid-nineteenth century Britain: applied science, stories and story-telling

十九世纪中叶英国的科学与实践叙事：应用科学、故事和讲故事

基本信息

批准号：
AH/I027177/1
负责人：
Robert Bud
金额：
$ 6.85万
依托单位：
Science Museum Group
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FI027177%2F1
关键词：
Narratives science practice mid nineteenth

项目摘要

IntroductionThis fellowship is proposed under 'Science in Culture'. For two centuries the phrase 'Applied science' and its close relatives were much used to describe essential aspects of science. Nonetheless, their scope and meaning linking science and practice are still not well understood by historians. This research will be devoted to exploring the early decades in which these concepts came to be widely cited, in 19th-century Britain, and also develop a methodology for this study. It will focus on the allegorical narratives used to interpret the ideas. Multiple voices will be accessed through recently-digitised 19th century newspapers and periodicals. To understand stories and story-telling, the study will draw on methods developed in literature, folklore and organisational studies.The interpretation of the term 'applied science' varied considerably, including a thing in itself or, else, the application of pure science. Rather than philosophically, its interpretation was largely expressed through allegorical stories of past success. These narratives were cycled, during the 19th century, between various contexts of discussion including debates about the nature of modern society and industry, the identity of the engineer and education.This work will thus be valuable for historians interested in applied science, in Victorian Britain, education and political economy, and because of the work on narrative, historians more generally. The Department of History and Philosophy of Science at Cambridge will be a project partner.There is a practical application too. The allegorical stories inherited about applied science are still important parts of public discourse and in museums. The Science Museum is opening a new major gallery on science in 2014 and in its interpretations will need as good as possible an understanding of the stories it has inherited. Other museums will also benefit.The fellowship will be held over nine months by Robert Bud who has both published extensively on the history of applied science and of its nineteenth century context, and is an experienced curator.Questions and OutputsThe phrase 'applied sciences' was coined by Coleridge in 1817 in conceptualising the huge Encyclopaedia Metropolitana. The work will cover the sixty years between that industrial revolution period and the 1870s era of discussion of the meaning of science, its education and institutions,This research will ask how applied science was rendered in articles, reports of speeches and advertisements.1.How can we understand the development and use of the concept in Britain in the sixty years after the term was coined in 1817a.How was the category of applied science constituted by the stories told and what were the functions of the phrase itself?b.How was historical experience of the relationship between science and practice translated into retailed and standardised narratives, and how did these change?c.What was the relationship between the accounts of leaders and the retelling of such accounts, stories and models in periodicals and newspapers which structured the public sphere of the early nineteenth century?d.How does the understanding obtained in this way complement understanding derived from other sources?2. How can techniques developed in other historical spheres, in folklore studies, in studies of organisations and in political science be deployed to help the understanding of the recounting of stories in such public domains?Direct output will be peer-reviewed papers, on the 19th century concepts of applied science, and on the use of methodologies of analysing stories. An article will also be submitted to History Today, and the Science Museum will benefit immediately. Sessions on the analysis of narrative will be organised at conferences of the museums community and of the social-science historycommunity. The work will also underpin a future book on applied science over two centuries.

介绍本奖学金是在“文化中的科学”下提出的。两个世纪以来，“应用科学”及其近亲被广泛用于描述科学的基本方面。尽管如此，历史学家仍然不太了解它们联系科学和实践的范围和意义。这项研究将致力于探索这些概念在19世纪英国被广泛引用的最初几十年，并为这项研究开发一种方法。它将侧重于用来解释这些想法的寓言叙事。多种声音将通过最近数字化的19世纪世纪报纸和期刊获得。为了理解故事和讲故事，这项研究将借鉴文学、民俗学和组织研究中发展起来的方法。对“应用科学”一词的解释有很大的不同，包括事物本身，或者纯科学的应用。它的解释主要是通过对过去成功的寓言故事来表达的，而不是通过寓言来表达的。这些叙述在19世纪期间在各种讨论背景之间循环，包括关于现代社会和工业的性质、工程师的身份和教育的辩论。因此，这项工作对于对维多利亚时代英国的应用科学、教育和政治经济感兴趣的历史学家来说是有价值的，而且由于叙述方面的工作，历史学家更普遍。剑桥的历史和科学哲学系将是一个项目合作伙伴。也有一个实际应用。关于应用科学的寓言故事仍然是公共话语和博物馆的重要组成部分。科学博物馆将于2014年开设一个新的科学主要画廊，在其解释中将需要尽可能好地了解它所继承的故事。其他博物馆也将从中受益。罗伯特·巴德（Robert Bud）将担任为期9个月的奖学金，他在应用科学史及其世纪背景方面发表了大量文章，是一位经验丰富的馆长。问题和成果“应用科学”一词是柯勒律治（Coleridge）在1817年构思庞大的《大都会百科全书》（Encyclopaedia Metropolitana）时创造的。这项工作将涵盖从工业革命时期到19世纪70年代讨论科学的意义、教育和机构的60年，这项研究将询问应用科学是如何在文章中呈现的，在英语中，“”是一个非常重要的概念，它是一个非常重要的概念，在英语中，“”是一个非常重要的概念，在英语中，“”是一个非常重要的概念。这是一个由故事构成的应用科学范畴，这个短语本身的功能是什么？B.科学与实践之间关系的历史经验是如何转化为零售化和标准化的叙述的，这些叙述是如何变化的？c.领导人的叙述与构成19世纪早期公共领域的期刊和报纸对这些叙述、故事和模式的复述之间有什么关系？d.以这种方式获得的谅解如何补充从其他来源获得的谅解？2.如何运用在其他历史领域、民俗学研究、组织研究和政治学中发展起来的技术来帮助理解这些公共领域中的故事叙述？直接产出将是同行评议的论文，关于19世纪世纪应用科学的概念，以及关于分析故事的方法的使用。一篇文章也将提交给《今日历史》，科学博物馆将立即受益。关于叙事分析的会议将在博物馆界和社会科学历史界的会议上组织。这项工作也将成为未来一本关于两个世纪以来应用科学的书的基础。