GENDER AND MENOPAUSE ON NUTRIENT AND ENERGY METABOLISM

私家侦探S研究的总体目标是更好地理解性别 能量和营养代谢的差异与 发展和/或预防疾病。健康风险 与许多疾病有关，包括肥胖和冠心病 心脏病在男性和女性之间是不同的。了解以下内容 能量和营养新陈代谢的性别差异是 充分了解这些疾病的代谢基础。在这方面的研究 提案将开始确定能源和性别方面的具体性别 营养新陈代谢及其在更年期的变化。特定目标 第一步是确定碳水化合物和脂肪的来源。 男性和女性在运动中使用的燃料。这将是 使用间接量热法和稳定同位素技术测定 肌肉活组织检查。具体目标2将是确定 男性和女性对儿茶酚胺的脂解反应 胰腺钳夹技术联合儿茶酚胺输注术 和稳定的同位素测量。具体目标3将是 确定男性和女性移除的能力是否不同 外源性脂类从循环中是否有性别 胰岛素抑制内源性极低水平的能力差异 密度脂蛋白甘油三酯(VLDL-TG)的产生。甘油三酯 根据静脉注射脂肪耐量，将评估移除情况。 测试。超低密度脂蛋白-甘油三酯产量的相对变化将在以下情况下测量 极低密度脂蛋白-甘油三酯的放射性标记及其动力学测定 在基础和高胰岛素/正常血糖条件下。特定目标 第四项将是确定更年期和激素的影响 能量消耗和静息底物的替代疗法 利用率。自由生活的能量消耗将使用 双标记水技术和基质利用 使用间接量热法和稳定同位素技术进行评估。 这些研究将加深我们对新陈代谢基础的理解 男性和女性的疾病风险。

The overall aim of the P.I.'s research is to better understand gender differences in energy and nutrient metabolism that related to the development and/or protection against disease. The health risks associated with a number of diseases including obesity and coronary heart disease are different between males and females. Knowledge of gender differences in energy and nutrient metabolism are required to fully understand the metabolic basis of these diseases. Studies in this proposal will begin to determine gender specific aspects of energy and nutrient metabolism and how these change at menopause. Specific aim number 1 will be to determine the sources of carbohydrate and lipid fuels utilized during exercise in males and females. This will be determined using indirect calorimetry and stable isotope techniques and muscle biopsies. Specific aim number 2 will be to determine the lipolytic response to catecholamines in males and females by using the pancreatic clamp technique in conjunction with catecholamine infusions and stable isotope measurements. Specific aim number 3 will be to determine whether males and females differ in their ability to remove exogenous lipid from the circulation and whether there are gender differences in the ability of insulin to suppress endogenous very-low density lipoprotein triglyceride (VLDL-TG) production. Triglyceride removal will be assessed in response to an intravenous fat tolerance test. Relative changes in VLDL-TG production will be measured following the radioactive labeling of VLDL-TG and measurement of VLDL-TG kinetics under basal and hyperinsulinemic/euglycemic conditions. Specific aim number 4 will be to determine the effect of menopause and hormone replacement therapy on energy expenditure and resting substrate utilization. Free-living energy expenditure will be measured using the doubly labelled water technique and substrate utilization will be assessed using indirect calorimetry and stable isotope techniques. These studies will further our understanding of the metabolic basis for disease risk in males and females.