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Radical Translations: The Transfer of Revolutionary Culture between Britain, France and Italy (1789-1815)

激进翻译：英国、法国和意大利之间革命文化的转移（1789-1815）

基本信息

批准号：
AH/S007008/1
负责人：
Sanja Perovic
金额：
$ 102.56万
依托单位：
King's College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FS007008%2F1
关键词：
Radical Translations Transfer Revolutionary Culture

项目摘要

The international circulation of radical ideas of equality and rights has deeply shaped European societies since the revolutionary period. Yet today, this legacy of internationalism is assumed to be over or at least incapable of being translated into new contexts. This project looks to the French Revolution to reactivate this shared radical past. It asks: what was the impact of translation on revolutionary thought and politics? And how is our relation to revolutionary ideas mediated by translation even today? Revolutionary translations have long been left unexamined or devalued as mere copycat propaganda. Our project, in contrast, seeks to reposition the role of translators not as passive collaborators but as active militants seeking to 'spread democracy' into new cultures and languages - a contested idea then as now. Focusing on why and when translation happens as well as where it fails, we seek to understand how a transnational revolutionary idiom was adopted, adapted, resisted or rejected in the effort to create culturally specific tools for political action on the ground. We also seek to illuminate the crucial role played by translation in enabling democratic movements to reach wider publics and cast themselves as part of an international struggle. The investigation will focus on two axes: one connecting Britain and France and the other crossing the Alps to Italy and back, with Anglophone texts often reaching Italian readers via French translation. A key output will be a database containing information on an estimated 400 translations with a radicalizing purpose, scattered in libraries and archives around the world and never systematically collated. We will consider a diverse range of material including: published translations, self-translations, texts imagined as translations as well as unpublished or projected translations, blocked by rapidly changing political events and recoverable from periodicals, publisher's prospectuses, and personal correspondence. We will use prosopographical data models to shed light on the shadowy world of translators and their professional and political identities, beginning with a core list of 50 translators working across English, French and Italian, scalable to other languages. We will identify a series of case-studies to analyse how translators sought to overcome real asymmetries between countries and areas of society in both material and symbolic resources. Our project is not limited to historical questions. To test the capacity of revolutionary ideas to resonate today we will invite students, translators, theatre practitioners and grassroots activists to translate and perform a selection of radical texts in present-day language. These translation and performance activities - documented on the project website - aim to enhance public awareness of the cosmopolitan roots of radical thought as well as stimulate new methods of translating radical works as 'living texts'. The same search for a 'presence effect' in translation will shape a new anthology of translated texts, finally making available in English forgotten masterpieces of radical culture.By foregrounding radicalism, this project has the potential to rewrite fundamental assumptions about translation as a cultural and creative activity. In the convulsive political climate of revolution, translation was not simply a new container for an esteemed original but became a type of direct action, dependent on the opening or closing of political opportunity. By highlighting the all-important time factor in the analysis of radical translation, this project will address the following more speculative questions: - Is there a transnational revolutionary idiom and does it vary from place to place? - Can translation identify how ideas are assimilated and which remain inappropriate and out of place?- How might a focus on radical translation challenge our understandings both of what is 'radical' and what is a 'translation'?

自革命时期以来，平等和权利的激进思想在国际上的传播深刻地塑造了欧洲社会。然而今天，国际主义的这一遗产被认为已经结束，或者至少无法转化为新的背景。这个项目期待法国大革命重新激活这一共同的激进的过去。它问：翻译对革命思想和政治的影响是什么？即使在今天，我们与革命思想的关系又是如何通过翻译来调节的呢？革命的翻译长期以来一直被忽视或被贬低为纯粹的模仿宣传。相比之下，我们的项目试图重新定位翻译的角色，而不是被动的合作者，而是积极的战士，寻求“传播民主”到新的文化和语言-一个有争议的想法，当时和现在。聚焦于翻译为何发生、何时发生以及在何处失败，我们试图理解一个跨国革命习语是如何被采纳、改编、抵制或拒绝的，以努力为当地的政治行动创造文化上特定的工具。我们还试图阐明翻译在使民主运动能够接触更广泛的公众并将自己作为国际斗争的一部分方面所发挥的关键作用。调查将集中在两条轴线上：一条连接英国和法国，另一条穿越阿尔卑斯山到达意大利并返回，英语文本通常通过法语翻译到达意大利读者。一项关键产出将是建立一个数据库，其中载有关于约400种具有激进目的的译文的信息，这些译文分散在世界各地的图书馆和档案馆，从未得到系统整理。我们将考虑各种各样的材料，包括：出版的翻译，自译，被想象为翻译的文本以及未出版或计划的翻译，被迅速变化的政治事件所阻挡，并从期刊，出版商的招股说明书和个人信件中恢复。我们将使用Prosopographical数据模型来揭示翻译者的阴暗世界及其职业和政治身份，首先是50名翻译人员的核心名单，他们的工作范围包括英语，法语和意大利语，可扩展到其他语言。我们将通过一系列的个案研究来分析译者如何克服不同国家和地区之间在物质资源和象征资源方面存在的真实的不对称。我们的项目不仅限于历史问题。为了测试革命思想在今天引起共鸣的能力，我们将邀请学生，翻译，戏剧从业者和基层活动家翻译和表演当今语言的激进文本。这些翻译和表演活动-记录在项目网站上-旨在提高公众对激进思想的世界性根源的认识，并激发将激进作品翻译为“活文本”的新方法。对翻译中的“在场效应”的同样探索将塑造一个新的翻译文本选集，最终使被遗忘的激进文化杰作在英语中可用。通过突出激进主义，这个项目有可能改写关于翻译作为一种文化和创造活动的基本假设。在动荡的革命政治气候中，翻译不仅仅是一个受人尊敬的原创作品的新容器，而是一种直接的行动，取决于政治机会的开放或关闭。通过强调激进翻译分析中至关重要的时间因素，本项目将解决以下更具投机性的问题：-是否存在跨国革命习语，它是否因地而异？- 翻译能否识别出思想是如何被吸收的，哪些思想仍然不合适和不合适？对激进翻译的关注如何挑战我们对什么是“激进”和什么是“激进”的理解？