The Landscapes of Post-War Infrastructure: Culture, Amenity, Heritage and Industry

本研究旨在了解战后英国围绕基础设施项目创造的景观的价值。随着这些景观的改变，了解它们的文化价值、美化价值和遗产价值，以及它们的环境和生态品质非常重要。目前，还没有一种确定的方法来看待与这些景观变化有关的所有复杂因素。有一些现有的评估景观的方法，但很难衡量某些类型的价值，特别是在基础设施景观及其周围。我们将与来自大学、工业、政府和文化部门的新老合作伙伴一起，通过一系列会议和活动，制定指导方针，为这类景观的评估和未来决策提供信息。在战后的全面现代化进程中，随着高速公路、发电站和水库的建设，铁路被关闭，露天矿山等场所被恢复，官方政策到位，在工业发展或开垦的同时，创造休闲和舒适的空间。景观设计师被雇佣来解决构图和可见性问题，作为回应，这个职业本身的范围和规模也在扩大。治理和金融的特殊环境创造了一种创新的、以研究为主导的整体基础设施设计方法。2019年2月，我们举办了一场关于战后英国基础设施景观和建筑的会议，其中一个新兴主题是这些景观对公众的作用。其中许多遗址已有50多年的历史，它们的栖息地和用途已经很好地建立起来，成为游乐场、高尔夫球场、帆船俱乐部、自然保护区、马道、自行车道和运动场。与英国的许多近郊景观一样，基础设施景观也面临着开发压力，这项研究将通过邀请广泛感兴趣的各方的贡献，为这些地点不太明显的多层次价值提供新的思考方式。传统形式的景观评估是基于定量方法和视觉分析，在这里，我们希望了解这些景观的历史和社会文化价值，以及难以衡量的东西，如氛围、享受、满足感、幸福感、记忆和联想。找出这一点的一种方法是与使用这些网站的人交谈，以各种方式。基础设施景观的社会、文化、生态和美化价值与它们发展的社区密切相关，许多人依赖这些社区就业。随着这些遗址的变化，我们试图发现如何衡量这些景观的一些无形方面，以及在评估、保护或开发这些景观时应该考虑的方面。为了做到这一点，我们将使用典型的建筑研究技能：我们将找到地图，计划，政策文件，政府记录和通信，并交叉参考这些来给出特定地点的历史和地理说明。我们将利用这些信息制作新的图表、地图、图纸和模型，以可视化景观的变化，帮助我们与艺术家、当地社区和用户群体交流，了解他们如何使用基础设施景观，以及他们如何重视这些空间。我们将邀请受邀的艺术家分享他们处理基础设施景观的方法以及他们对基础设施景观的价值观。我们将邀请学生参与研究及其综合，并通过展览的制作让更广泛的公众分享他们的观点。在项目结束时，我们将制作一份合作报告，总结我们的发现，并为那些关于基础设施景观的遗产和未来的决策提供指导。

This research aims to understand the value of the landscapes created around infrastructure projects in post-war Britain. As these landscapes are altered, it is important to understand their cultural value, amenity value and heritage value, alongside their environmental and ecological qualities. At the moment there is no established way of looking at all of the complicated factors that are involved in changing these landscapes. There are some existing ways of assessing landscapes, but it is hard to measure certain types of value, especially in and around the landscapes of infrastructure. Together with new and existing partners from universities, industry, government and the cultural sector, through a series of meetings and events, we will develop guidelines to help inform assessments of, and future decision-making about, landscapes of this type.In the sweeping modernisation of the post-war period, as the motorways, power stations and reservoirs were built, railways were closed and sites like open cast mines were recovered, there was official policy in place to create spaces for leisure and amenity alongside industrial development or reclamation. Landscape architects were employed to address issues of composition and visibility and the profession itself expanded in scope and scale as a response. The particular circumstances of governance and finance created an innovative and research-led holistic approach to infrastructural design. In February 2019 we held a conference about the Landscape and Architecture of Post-War British Infrastructure and one of the emerging themes was to do with the role of these landscapes to the public. Many of the sites are now more than 50 years old and their habitats, as well as their use, are well established as playgrounds, golf courses, sailing clubs, nature reserves, bridleways, cycle paths and sports fields. Like much of the peri-urban landscape in Britain, infrastructural landscapes are under development pressure, this research will provide new ways of thinking about the less obvious and multi-layered values of these sites by inviting contribution from a broad range of interested parties.Traditional forms of landscape assessment are based on quantitative methods and visual analysis, here we wish to understand the historic and socio-cultural values of these landscapes, the things that are hard to measure - like atmosphere, enjoyment, fulfilment, wellbeing, memory and association. One way of finding this out is to talk to those who use these sites, in a variety of ways. The social, cultural, ecological and amenity value of landscapes of infrastructure are closely tied to the communities where they developed, where lots of people relied upon them for employment. As these sites change, we seek to discover how to measure some of the intangible aspects of these landscapes and those aspects which should be thought about when assessing, protecting or developing them. In order to do so we will use skills that are typical of architectural research: we will find maps, plans, policy documents, government records and correspondence, and cross-reference these to give an account of the history and geography of particular sites. We will make new diagrams, maps, drawings and models using this information to visualise the change of landscapes to help us talk to artists, local communities and user groups about how they use the landscapes of infrastructure and how they value such spaces. We will ask our invited artists to share their methods of working with infrastructural landscapes and the values they place upon them. We will invite students to engage with the research and its synthesis and allow the wider public to share their views through the production of an exhibition.At the end of the project we will produce a collaborative report that summarises our findings and provides guidance to those forming decisions about the heritage and futures of the landscapes of infrastructure.