The Landscapes of Post-War Infrastructure: Culture, Amenity, Heritage and Industry

这项研究旨在了解战后英国围绕基础设施项目创造的景观的价值。随着这些景观的改变，重要的是要了解它们的文化价值、市容价值和遗产价值，以及它们的环境和生态质量。目前，还没有一种既定的方式来看待改变这些景观所涉及的所有复杂因素。有一些现有的方法来评估景观，但很难衡量某些类型的价值，特别是在基础设施景观及其周围。我们将与来自大学、工业、政府和文化界的新伙伴和现有伙伴一起，通过一系列会议和活动，制定指导方针，以帮助对这类景观的评估和未来的决策。在战后全面现代化的时期，高速公路、发电站和水库被修建，铁路被关闭，露天矿山等遗址被收回，政府制定了政策，在工业发展或填海的同时创造休闲和康乐空间。景观设计师被雇用来解决构图和可见性问题，作为回应，该专业本身在范围和规模上都有所扩大。治理和财政的特殊情况为基础设施设计创造了一种创新的、以研究为主导的整体方法。2019年2月，我们举行了一次关于战后英国基础设施景观与建筑的会议，其中一个新兴主题是这些景观对公众的作用。许多遗址现在已经有50多年的历史了，它们的栖息地和用途都很好地建立了游乐场、高尔夫球场、帆船俱乐部、自然保护区、桥道、自行车道和运动场。就像英国的许多城市周边景观一样，基础设施景观面临着开发压力，这项研究将通过邀请广泛的感兴趣的各方提供新的方式来思考这些地点不那么明显和多层次的价值。景观评估的传统形式是基于定量方法和视觉分析，在这里，我们希望了解这些景观的历史和社会文化价值，以及难以衡量的东西--如氛围、享受、成就感、幸福感、记忆和联想。找出这一点的一种方法是通过各种方式与使用这些网站的人交谈。基础设施景观的社会、文化、生态和宜人价值与其开发所在的社区密切相关，在那里，许多人依赖于它们来就业。随着这些遗址的变化，我们试图发现如何衡量这些景观的一些无形方面，以及在评估、保护或开发它们时应该考虑的方面。为了做到这一点，我们将使用建筑研究的典型技能：我们将找到地图、平面图、政策文件、政府记录和信件，并交叉引用这些材料来描述特定遗址的历史和地理。我们将使用这些信息制作新的图表、地图、素描和模型，以可视化景观的变化，帮助我们与艺术家、当地社区和用户群体交谈，讨论他们如何使用基础设施的景观，以及他们如何评估这些空间。我们将邀请我们的艺术家分享他们处理基础设施景观的方法和他们对基础设施景观的重视。我们将邀请学生参与研究及其综合，并通过制作展览让更广泛的公众分享他们的观点。在项目结束时，我们将制作一份协作报告，总结我们的发现，并为那些就基础设施景观的遗产和未来做出决策的人提供指导。

This research aims to understand the value of the landscapes created around infrastructure projects in post-war Britain. As these landscapes are altered, it is important to understand their cultural value, amenity value and heritage value, alongside their environmental and ecological qualities. At the moment there is no established way of looking at all of the complicated factors that are involved in changing these landscapes. There are some existing ways of assessing landscapes, but it is hard to measure certain types of value, especially in and around the landscapes of infrastructure. Together with new and existing partners from universities, industry, government and the cultural sector, through a series of meetings and events, we will develop guidelines to help inform assessments of, and future decision-making about, landscapes of this type.In the sweeping modernisation of the post-war period, as the motorways, power stations and reservoirs were built, railways were closed and sites like open cast mines were recovered, there was official policy in place to create spaces for leisure and amenity alongside industrial development or reclamation. Landscape architects were employed to address issues of composition and visibility and the profession itself expanded in scope and scale as a response. The particular circumstances of governance and finance created an innovative and research-led holistic approach to infrastructural design. In February 2019 we held a conference about the Landscape and Architecture of Post-War British Infrastructure and one of the emerging themes was to do with the role of these landscapes to the public. Many of the sites are now more than 50 years old and their habitats, as well as their use, are well established as playgrounds, golf courses, sailing clubs, nature reserves, bridleways, cycle paths and sports fields. Like much of the peri-urban landscape in Britain, infrastructural landscapes are under development pressure, this research will provide new ways of thinking about the less obvious and multi-layered values of these sites by inviting contribution from a broad range of interested parties.Traditional forms of landscape assessment are based on quantitative methods and visual analysis, here we wish to understand the historic and socio-cultural values of these landscapes, the things that are hard to measure - like atmosphere, enjoyment, fulfilment, wellbeing, memory and association. One way of finding this out is to talk to those who use these sites, in a variety of ways. The social, cultural, ecological and amenity value of landscapes of infrastructure are closely tied to the communities where they developed, where lots of people relied upon them for employment. As these sites change, we seek to discover how to measure some of the intangible aspects of these landscapes and those aspects which should be thought about when assessing, protecting or developing them. In order to do so we will use skills that are typical of architectural research: we will find maps, plans, policy documents, government records and correspondence, and cross-reference these to give an account of the history and geography of particular sites. We will make new diagrams, maps, drawings and models using this information to visualise the change of landscapes to help us talk to artists, local communities and user groups about how they use the landscapes of infrastructure and how they value such spaces. We will ask our invited artists to share their methods of working with infrastructural landscapes and the values they place upon them. We will invite students to engage with the research and its synthesis and allow the wider public to share their views through the production of an exhibition.At the end of the project we will produce a collaborative report that summarises our findings and provides guidance to those forming decisions about the heritage and futures of the landscapes of infrastructure.