Integrative genomic and genetic analysis of nonhost resistance across Triticeae species - TritNONHOST (PPR-CROP)

小麦科物种非寄主抗性的综合基因组和遗传分析 - TritNONHOST (PPR-CROP)

• 批准号: BB/G024987/1
• 负责人: Lesley Boyd
• 金额: $ 54.7万
• 依托单位: John Innes Centre
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2009 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FG024987%2F1
• 关键词: Integrative; genomic; genetic; analysis; nonhost

Within the natural environment plants are constantly exposed to micro-organisms which have the potential to cause disease. However, each plant species is a host to only a very limited number of pathogens. During evolution the plant and the potential pathogen have undergone an arms race, establishing or avoiding successful infection, which finally resulted in the host-pathogen interactions known today. Plants have further evolved resistance (R) genes to over come certain isolates of these host-pathogens. Traditional plant breeding strategies have used these R-genes to develop resistant crop cultivars. However, after commercial release of the R-gene carrying cultivars the resistance is often rapidly overcome, following the increase in the pathogen populations of novel virulent races, resulting in the loss of the protective effect of the R-genes. On the other hand, most plants are resistant to most pathogens. This phenomenon is referred to as nonhost resistance. However, we know very little about the biological mechanisms operating behind this nonhost resistance. Nonhost resistance therefore presents as a durable form of resistance that the non-adapted pathogen has not evolved to over come. The work in this proposal addresses the biological processes and genetic pathways operating in the plant that are responsible for this nonhost resistance. This work undertakes a global examination of the reprogramming of the gene expression patterns that occur in wheat and barley following inoculation with host and nonhost pathogens. Three economically and ecologically important pathogens are examined that cause the diseases of powdery mildew, rust and blast. The genes and biological pathways involved in host and nonhost resistance in each of the wheat and barley interactions with these pathogens will be identified. Significant genes and pathways responsible for nonhost resistance in each cereal crop will be identified and their function further characterised. The outputs from this project will provide us with a new level of understanding of the biology of nonhost resistance in cereals. This will provide the plant breeding industry with the knowledge and tools required to achieve sustainable resistance to major pathogens. The ultimate aim is to transfer the genetic components of nonhost resistance from one cereal to the other to achieve 'nonhost-like' resistance to the adapted pathogen.

在自然环境中，植物不断暴露于有可能导致疾病的微生物。然而，每一种植物物种仅是非常有限数量的病原体的宿主。在进化过程中，植物和潜在的病原体经历了一场军备竞赛，建立或避免成功的感染，最终导致了今天已知的宿主-病原体相互作用。植物已经进一步进化出抗性（R）基因来克服这些宿主病原体的某些分离物。传统的植物育种策略使用这些R基因来开发抗性作物品种。然而，在携带R-基因的栽培品种商业化释放后，随着新的毒性小种的病原体群体的增加，抗性通常被迅速克服，导致R-基因的保护作用的丧失。另一方面，大多数植物对大多数病原体具有抗性。这种现象被称为非宿主抗性。然而，我们对这种非宿主抗性背后的生物学机制知之甚少。因此，非宿主抗性表现为一种持久的抗性形式，非适应性病原体尚未进化到克服这种抗性。本提案中的工作涉及植物中负责这种非宿主抗性的生物过程和遗传途径。这项工作进行了全球性的检查，发生在小麦和大麦接种宿主和非宿主病原体的基因表达模式的重编程。对引起白粉病、锈病和稻瘟病的三种具有重要经济和生态意义的病原菌进行了研究。将确定小麦和大麦与这些病原体相互作用中涉及宿主和非宿主抗性的基因和生物学途径。重要的基因和途径，负责非寄主抗性在每种谷类作物将被确定，其功能进一步的特点。该项目的成果将使我们对谷物非寄主抗性的生物学有一个新的认识。这将为植物育种业提供实现对主要病原体的可持续抗性所需的知识和工具。最终目的是将非寄主抗性的遗传成分从一种谷物转移到另一种谷物，以实现对适应病原体的“非寄主样”抗性。

项目成果

Invited speaker: Unravelling "non-host" resistance: Is this a viable option for host resistance breeding?

特邀演讲者：揭开“非宿主”抗性：这是宿主抗性育种的可行选择吗？

• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Boyd LA

Additional file 8: Data S1. of A comparative analysis of nonhost resistance across the two Triticeae crop species wheat and barley

附加文件8：数据S1。

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5665540
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Delventhal R

Additional file 14: Figure S8. of A comparative analysis of nonhost resistance across the two Triticeae crop species wheat and barley

附加文件 14：图 S8。

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5665324
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Delventhal R

Additional file 11: Figure S6. of A comparative analysis of nonhost resistance across the two Triticeae crop species wheat and barley

附加文件 11：图 S6。

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5665243
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Delventhal R

Additional file 3: Figure S3. of A comparative analysis of nonhost resistance across the two Triticeae crop species wheat and barley

附加文件 3：图 S3。

• DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.5665426
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Delventhal R