Community based interventions against Tsetse and Trypanosomiasis on the Jos Plateau Nigeria

该项目旨在开发控制动物锥虫病的新方法。尼日利亚的乔斯高原是一个人口稠密的地区，定居的牧民与自给自足的农民一起生活，养着近100万头牛。与整个撒哈拉以南非洲一样，锥虫病给该地区的牲畜造成严重的生产损失。它影响到生活在农村社区的最贫穷和最被剥夺权利的人口的生计。引起锥虫病的寄生虫是由采蝇以受感染宿主的血液为食传播的。该病的治疗既负担得起又有效：用一种廉价的注射药物进行一次治疗就足以清除动物中所有循环的锥虫。因此，尽管这些寄生虫对发展构成双重限制，但控制它们对人类及其牲畜同样具有双重益处。在缺乏大规模采采蝇控制规划的情况下，需要找到可持续的控制锥虫病的方法。对每只动物进行治疗而不产生耐药性的风险是不合适的，也是不可能的。因此，有必要针对牲畜和野生动物中的高风险疾病携带者进行干预。在这个项目中，我们的目标是：(i)通过综合疾病管理，最大限度地提高牲畜的健康水平；（ii）确定不同时间和地点锥虫病的主要风险因素；（iii）制定一项政策，使政府有效地支持社区疾病管理。该项目将使决策者、公共机构、社区和个体小农能够确定适当和具有成本效益的方法，以可持续的农民为基础控制牲畜中的锥虫病。

The project aims to develop novel ways of controlling animal trypanosomiasis. The Jos plateau in Nigeria is a heavily populated area home to almost a million cows kept by settled pastoralists who live alongside subsistence farmers. Trypanosomiasis causes severe production losses in livestock in this area, as it does through out Sub Saharan Africa. It affects the livelihoods of the poorest and most disenfranchised populations living in rural communities. The parasites that cause trypanosomiasis are transmitted by tsetse flies feeding on blood from an infected host. Treatment of the disease is both affordable and effective: a single treatment with a cheap injectable drug is sufficient to clear the animal of all circulating trypanosomes Therefore, although these parasites are a double constraint to development, their control is equally of double benefit to humans and their livestock. In the absence of large scale tsetse control programmes, sustainable methods of trypanosomiasis control need to be found. It is not appropriate or possible to treat every animal without the risk of resistance to the drugs developing. It is thus necessary to target interventions to high-risk carriers of disease amongst livestock and wildlife. In this project, we aim to (i) maximise livestock health through integrated disease management (ii) Identify the major risk factors for trypanosomiasis at different times and locations iii) formulate a policy for effective government support of community based disease management. The project will enable policy makers, public institutions, communities and individual smallholder farmers to identify appropriate and cost-effective methods for the sustainable farmer based control of trypanosomiasis in livestock.